Table 4. Normal weight obesity according to anthropometric and metabolic parameters, 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto birth cohort.
| Variables | Normal weight obesitya | P | |
| No (n = 1,111) | Yes (n = 111) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.7±1.7b | 23.6±1.1b | < 0.001c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||
| Males | 80.4±5.3b | 87.6±4.9b | < 0.001c |
| Females | 71.5±4.7b | 77.2±4.5b | < 0.001c |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96.8±4.9b | 101.1±4.5b | < 0.001c |
| Waist to hip ratio (cm) | |||
| Males | 0.83±0.04b | 0.86±0.05b | < 0.001c |
| Females | 0.74±0.05b | 0.77±0.05b | < 0.001c |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | |||
| Males | 46.2±11.0b | 42.8±9.8b | 0.033c |
| Females | 54.6±13.1b | 51.6±12.1b | 0.092c |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 91 (76–110)d | 104 (88–129)d | < 0.001e |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 69 (52–95)d | 89 (64–117)d | < 0.001e |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115±13b | 115±13b | 0.851c |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68±8b | 70±7b | 0.008c |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 12.7±3.3b | 20.9±3.5b | < 0.001c |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 11.7±4.6b | 18.9±4.6b | < 0.001c |
| Sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (mm) | 24.3±6.9b | 39.8±6.4b | < 0.001c |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 81 (77–87)d | 87 (80–91)d | < 0.001e |
| HOMA-2 insulin resistance | 0.54 (0.36–0.87)d | 0.77 (0.49–1.22)d | < 0.001e |
| HOMA-2 insulin sensitivity | 185.7 (115.3–275.5)d | 129.1 (81.8–203.1)d | < 0.001e |
| HOMA-2 β cell function | 78.3 (58.0–106.6)d | 90.9 (65.4–130.1)d | 0.002e |
Abbreviations: HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment. a Normal weight obesity defined as a BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds >90th percentile of the study sample for each sex. bValues are mean ± standard deviation. cP values calculated by the Student t-test. dValues are median (1st quartile – 3rd quartile). eP values calculated by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.