Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratios of hospital use and emergency department use in 2005 for individuals with CP by age (N = 3190)

	Hospital use		Emergency room use
	CP 3–17 yrs AOR (95% CI)	CP 18–64 yrs AOR (95% CI)	CP 3–17 yrs AOR (95% CI)	CP 18–64 yrs AOR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	REF	REF	REF	REF
Female	0.83 (0.63–1.09)	0.82 (0.63–1.08)	0.72 (0.52–1.01)	0.82 (0.64–1.04)
Race/Ethnicity
White	REF	REF	REF	REF
Hispanic	0.67 (0.48–0.95)	0.93 (0.67–1.29)	1.30 (0.86–1.95)	0.93 (0.69–1.26)
Black	0.83 (0.52–1.32)	1.28 (0.87–1.89)	1.78 (1.00–3.16)	0.91 (0.63–1.31)
Asian/Other	0.57 (0.31–1.05)	0.52 (0.30–0.92)	0.70 (0.36–1.37)	0.48 (0.30–0.76)
≥ 1 Cognitive Limitation*
No	REF	REF	REF	REF
Yes	1.12 (0.80–1.56)	0.94 (0.64–1.38)	0.95 (0.62–1.45)	0.68 (0.48–0.97)
Difficulty with ≥ 3 ADLs**
No	REF	REF	REF	REF
Yes	1.10 (0.55–2.19)	1.04 (0.67–1.63)	2.01 (0.88–4.61)	1.53 (1.03–2.27)
Breathing Limitations***
No	REF	REF	REF	REF
Yes	1.59 (1.16–2.18)	1.39 (0.94–2.06)	2.17 (1.26–3.74)	1.42 (0.89–2.27)
Other Health Conditions****
None	REF	REF	REF	REF
Present	1.58 (1.49–1.68)	1.49 (1.42–1.56)	1.86 (1.70–2.03)	1.76 (1.66–1.88)
IHSS Provider
Non relative	REF	REF	REF	REF
Spouse	n/a	1.96 (0.87–4.41)	n/a	0.92 (0.39–2.20)
Parent	1.12 (0.71–1.76)	0.99 (0.71–1.48)	0.87 (0.53–1.44)	0.96 (0.71–1.30)
Other relative	1.24 (0.70–2.19)	1.01 (0.67–1.53)	0.66 (0.35–1.24)	0.97 (0.66–1.43)

Source: Derived from California Department of Health Care Services, Medicaid claims.

Bolded odds ratios are significant with a 95% confidence interval.

^*Requires human assistance with memory, orientation and/or judgment.

^**ADLs = Activities of Daily Living (eating, bathing and grooming, dressing, toileting, and transferring).

^***Considered limited if required human or paramedical services are required.

^****Based on ICD-9 classification.