Table 4. Family-based association results between DN-associated SNPs and nephropathy (normoalbuminuria vs. high microalbuminuria/proteinuria/ESRD) among diabetic family members.

				Affecteds Only					Affecteds and Unaffecteds
SNP (risk allele)*	Chr.	Allele	Allele Frequency	# Families	S-E(S)	Var(S)	Z score	P-value (adjusted P-value)	# Families	S-E(S)	Var(S)	Z score	P-value (adjusted P-value)
rs39075 (G)	7p14.3	G	0.554	51	9.44	75.06	1.09	0.276	57	5.67	72.49	0.67	0.504
		A	0.446	51	−9.44	75.06	−1.09	(1.00)	57	−5.67	72.49	−0.67	(1.00)
rs1888747 (G)	9q21.32	G	0.690	47	26.63	72.33	3.13	1.74×10−3	53	23.78	55.52	3.19	1.42×10−3
		C	0.310	47	−26.63	72.33	−3.13	(0.010)	53	−23.78	55.52	−3.19	(0.009)
rs10868025 (A)	9q21.32	A	0.601	44	21.51	61.66	2.74	6.17×10−3	49	20.76	51.83	2.88	3.94×10−3
		G	0.399	44	−21.51	61.66	−2.74	(0.037)	49	−20.76	51.83	−2.88	(0.024)
rs451041(A)	11p15.4	A	0.561	48	2.79	56.49	0.37	0.711	54	0.24	54.55	0.03	0.975
		G	0.439	48	−2.79	56.49	−0.37	(1.00)	54	−0.24	54.55	−0.03	(1.00)
rs1411766(A)	13q33.3	G	0.598	53	−4.06	64.70	−0.51	0.614	55	−0.46	54.62	−0.06	0.950
		A	0.402	53	4.06	64.70	0.51	(1.00)	55	0.46	54.62	0.06	(1.00)
rs9521445(A)	13q33.3	A	0.548	44	8.54	62.44	1.08	0.280	51	4.79	63.44	0.60	0.548
		C	0.452	44	−8.54	62.44	−1.08	(1.00)	51	−4.79	63.44	−0.60	(1.00)

^#Families  =  number of nuclear families informative for the FBAT analysis.

S-E(S)  =  observed minus the expected transmission for each allele.

Var(S)  =  variance of the observed transmission for each allele.

Z score: positive values indicate risk alleles (i.e., increased transmission to affected individuals), negative values indicate protective alleles (i.e., reduced transmission to affected individuals).

Associations achieving nominal significance (P-value<0.05) are indicated in bold.

^*Risk allele reported in Pezzolesi et al. [18]