Table 2.
Global and Regional Brain Measures in the Different Groups
| Adjusted Mean |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure, cm3 | Right Cleft (n = 14) |
Left Cleft (n = 19) |
Comparison Subjects (n = 57) |
F |
P Value |
Mean Difference (95% CI) | ||
| Right vs Left Cleft | Right vs Comparison | Left vs Comparison | ||||||
| Intracranial volumea | 1368.9 | 1402.8 | 1447.4 | 2.69 | .07 | −33.9 (−118.7 to −51.0) | −78.5 (−151.7 to −5.3) | −44.6 (−108.5 to 19.0) |
| CSFb | 56.6 | 50.2 | 46.1 | 2.17 | .12 | 6.4 (−5.5 to 18.4) | 10.5 (0.2 to 20.9) | 4.1 (−4.8 to 13.1) |
| Gray matterb | 928.9 | 911.9 | 918.3 | 2.28 | .11 | 17.0 (1.1 to 32.9) | 10.6 (−3.1 to 24.3) | −6.4 (−18.4 to 5.5) |
| White matterb | 440.1 | 463.5 | 461.3 | 4.06 | .02c | −23.4 (−41.7 to −5.2) | −21.2 (−36.9 to −5.4) | 2.3 (−11.4 to 16.0) |
| Cerebellum | ||||||||
| Totalb | 133.2 | 138.0 | 142.8 | 6.25 | .003c | −4.8 (−11.5 to 1.7) | −9.6 (−15.4 to −3.9) | −4.8 (−9.7 to 0.2) |
| Gray matterd | 115.7 | 113.0 | 113.6 | 1.63 | .20 | 2.7 (−0.3 to 5.7) | 2.1 (−0.7 to 4.7) | −0.6 (−2.9 to 1.6) |
| White matterd | 24.0 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 2.90 | .060 | −2.8 (−5.6 to −0.04) | −2.9 (−5.4 to −0.4) | −0.1 (−2.2 to 1.9) |
| Cerebrum | ||||||||
| Totalb | 1198.1 | 1200.8 | 1198.7 | 0.13 | .88 | −2.7 (−14.8 to 9.4) | −0.6 (−11.1 to 9.9) | 2.1 (−7.1 to 11.2) |
| Gray mattere | 793.9 | 779.8 | 784.5 | 1.71 | .19 | 14.1 (−1.2 to 29.3) | 9.3 (−3.8 to 1.2) | −4.7 (−16.2 to 6.7) |
| White mattere | 397.5 | 418.2 | 416.8 | 4.02 | .02c | −20.7 (−37.2 to −4.2) | −19.3 (−33.4 to −5.0) | 1.4 (−10.9 to 13.9) |
| Frontal lobee | ||||||||
| Gray matter | 293.0 | 289.3 | 292.5 | 0.97 | .38 | 2.9 (−3.3 to 9.1) | −0.32 (−5.6 to 5.0) | −3.2 (−7.9 to 1.4) |
| White matter | 156.0 | 166.3 | 164.5 | 4.49 | .01c | −10.3 (−17.6 to −2.9) | −8.5 (−14.8 to −2.3) | 1.7 (−3.8 to 7.2) |
| Parietal lobee | ||||||||
| Gray matter | 164.6 | 161.3 | 161.9 | 0.92 | .40 | 3.3 (−1.8 to 8.4) | 2.7 (−1.7 to 7.1) | −0.6 (−4.4 to 3.3) |
| White matter | 100.1 | 103.4 | 102.7 | 1.07 | .35 | −3.4 (−8.3 to 1.4) | −2.7 (−6.8 to 1.5) | 0.7 (−2.9 to 4.4) |
| Temporal lobee | ||||||||
| Gray matter | 191.0 | 185.8 | 186.0 | 4.2 | .02c | 5.2 (1.0 to 9.3) | 5.0 (1.4 to 8.5) | −0.2 (−3.3 to 2.9) |
| White matter | 65.5 | 66.8 | 67.3 | .76 | .47 | −1.4 (−4.8 to 2.1) | −1.8 (−4.8 to 1.1) | −0.5 (−3.1 to 2.1) |
| Occipital lobee | ||||||||
| Gray matter | 86.6 | 83.7 | 85.7 | 1.6 | .21 | 3.0 (−0.7 to 6.6) | 0.9 (−2.2 to 4.0) | −2.0 (−4.7 to 0.7) |
| White matter | 35.1 | 39.5 | 38.6 | 5.93 | .004c | −4.4 (−7.0 to −1.7) | −3.4 (−5.7 to −1.2) | 0.9 (−1.1 to 2.9) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.
a
Covariates are height and age.
b
Covariates are intracranial volume and age.
c
Significant at α ≤.05.
d
Covariates are total cerebellum and age.
e
Covariates are total cerebrum and age.