Table 3.
Patients' characteristics at baseline.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 (control) | Total | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 33 | 34 | 33 | 100 | |
| Male gender* | 24 (73%) | 22 (65%) | 26 (79%) | 72 (72%) | 0.436∞ |
| Age (years) | 0.295# | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 65 (10) | 68 (11) | 66 (10) | 66 (10) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.515# | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 28 (4) | 29 (5) | 29 (4) | 28 (4) | |
| Operation type | |||||
| On-bypass* | 33 (100%) | 34 (100%) | 33 (100%) | 100 (100%) | |
| Coronary revascularisation* | 17 (51%) | 20 (58%) | 21 (63%) | 58 (58%) | |
| Valve reconstruction or replacement* | 15 (45%) | 14 (41%) | 15 (45%) | 44 (44%) | |
| Aortic reconstruction after dissection* | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Chest pain baseline (0–10 NRS) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 6 (2) | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 0.653# |
| Mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.3) | |
| FVC baseline (cm3) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 1200 (600) | 1000 (550) | 1200 (400) | 1150 (600) | 0.082# |
| Mean (SD) | 1294 (426) | 1147 (405) | 1275 (325) | 1238 (390) |
*The numbers in parentheses display the percentage for dichotomous variables.
# P values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
∞ P values were calculated using the χ 2-test.
Abbreviations—SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range.