TABLE 2.
Factors Associated With HIV Testing Among US Adults Aged 18–64 Years, BRFSS 2008
| Ever Been Tested for HIV Infection* |
||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Bivariate Analysis Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Multivariate Analysis Adjusted Odds Ratio† (95% CI) |
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Age-sex interaction (vs. male) | ||
| Age, 18–24; female | 2.07 (1.82, 2.35) | 1.93 (1.69, 2.21) |
| Age, 25–34; female | 1.98 (1.84, 2.13) | 1.76 (1.63, 1.90) |
| Age, 35–44; female | 1.31 (1.24, 1.39) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.27) |
| Age, 45–54; female | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) |
| Age, 55–64; female | 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) | 0.67 (0.63, 0.72) |
| Race/ethnicity (vs. non-Hispanic white) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 2.85 (2.70, 3.01) | 2.47 (2.33, 2.62) |
| Hispanic | 1.36 (1.28, 1.44) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) |
| Other | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
| Never married/divorced/widowed/separated (vs. married/unmarried couple) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.20) | 1.27 (1.22, 1.33) |
| No child less than 18 yr of age in the household (vs. 1 or more) | 0.56 (0.54, 0.57) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.78) |
| Educational level (vs. college graduate) | ||
| High school or less | 0.81 (0.78, 0.84) | 0.74 (0.71, 0.77) |
| Some college or technical school | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) |
| Unemployed/retired/other (vs. employed) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
| Annual household income (vs. >$50,000) | ||
| <$15,000 | 1.26 (1.18, 1.35) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.10) |
| $15,000–50,000 | 1.11 (1.07, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) |
| Rural county residency (vs. urban) | 0.71 (0.69, 0.74) | 0.80 (0.77, 0.84) |
| Healthcare access | ||
| Not having any kind of healthcare coverage | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) |
| Not having a personal doctor or healthcare provider | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) |
| Could not see a doctor because of cost in the past 12 mo | 1.51 (1.45, 1.59) | 1.38 (1.30, 1.46) |
| Length of time since last routine checkup (vs. within the past year) | ||
| Within the past 2–5 yr | 0.87 (0.83, 0.90) | 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) |
| 5 or more years ago | 0.74 (0.70, 0.79) | 0.68 (0.64, 0.73) |
| Never | 0.65 (0.56, 0.76) | 0.58 (0.49, 0.69) |
| Self-perception | ||
| Perceived fair/poor general health status (vs. excellent to good) | 1.13 (1.08, 1.18) | 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) |
| Rarely/never get emotional support | 1.11 (1.03, 1.18) | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) |
| Life dissatisfaction | 1.60 (1.50, 1.72) | 1.44 (1.33, 1.55) |
| Any high-risk situations for HIV | 2.83 (2.55, 3.13) | 2.40 (2.15, 2.67) |
| Residency state type (vs. high morbidity: opt-out states) | ||
| High morbidity: opt-in (N = 10) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) |
| Low morbidity: opt-out (N = 19) | 0.75 (0.72, 0.78) | 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) |
| Low morbidity: opt-in (N = 10) | 0.73 (0.69, 0.77) | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) |
*
A missing response to HIV testing was combined with the “No” category.
†
A multiple imputation was incorporated in the multivariate analysis to adjust for missing data in individual characteristics under the assumption of missing at random.
HIV indicates human immunodeficiency virus; BRFSS, behavioral risk factors surveillance system.