Fig. 2.

Observed deforestation in different types of protected areas as a function of estimated deforestation pressure (solid lines) based on protected areas established in or before 2000 for 2000–2005 impacts (Upper) and in or before 2005 for 2006–2010 impacts (Lower). Points represent protected areas, with the area of each point corresponding to the number of matched forest parcels. Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals of the nonparametric estimator. All protected areas below the diagonal (black dotted line) are estimated to have avoided deforestation.