Table 1.

Characteristics of the clinical studies used to estimate observed clearances in the young and elderly

Drug	Subjects identified	Study location	Ethnicity of subjects	Reference
Caffeine	8 young males and 8 elderly males	UK	Caucasian	[19]
	18 young females	USA	17 Caucasian, 1 African American	[24]
	3 young males and 6 young females	Germany	NR	[25]
S-warfarin	10 young males, 10 young females, 10 elderly males, 10 elderly females	New Zealand	∼90% New Zealand Europeans	[22]
S-mephenytoin	7 young males and 5 young females (23–49 years)	USA	NR	[23]
Desipramine	12 young males, 7 young females, 7 elderly males, 9 elderly females	USA	NR	[20]
Midazolam	10 young males, 10 young females, 9 elderly males, 11 elderly females	USA	NR	[21]

NR, not reported.