Table 2.
Examples of the expression of human recombinant proteins (RPs) in the milk of transgenic animals (TAs)
| RP (construct) | Regulatory elements | TA/method of production | Maximum level of RP production in milk, mg/ml | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin (native gene) | β-casein promoter (goat) + insulator | Cow/NT | 40 | [15] |
| α-fetoprotein (native gene) | β-casein promoter (goat) + insulator | Goat/NT | 1.1 | [58] |
| Butyrylcholinesterase (cDNA) | –“– | Goat/NT | 5 | [59] |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (native gene) | –“– | Goat/NT | 0.05 | [60] |
| Growth hormone (native gene) | β-casein promoter (goat) | Goat/NT | 0.07 | [61] |
| Antithrombin (cDNA) | β-casein promoter (goat) | Goat/MI | 2 | [62] |
| Coagulation Factor IX (mini-gene) | –“– | Mouse/MI | 0.026 | [63] |
| Tissue plasminogen activator (cDNA) | –“– | Goat/MI | 3 | [64] |
| Coagulation Factor IX (cDNA) | β-casein promoter (cow) | Goat/MI | 9.5 × 10-5 | [65] |
| Growth hormone (native gene) | β-casein promoter (cow) | Cow/NT | 5 | [66] |
| Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (native gene) | α-S1- casein promoter (goat) | Mouse/MI | 0.04 | [67] |
| Erythropoietin(cDNA) | β-lactoglobulin promoter (cow) | Mouse/rabbit/MI | 0.3 (mouse) | [68] |
| 0.5 (rabbit) | ||||
| Lysostaphin (native gene) | β-lactoglobulin promoter (sheep) | Cow/NT | 0.014 | [69] |
| Lysostaphin (cDNA) | β-lactoglobulin promoter (sheep) | Mouse/MI | 1.3 | [70] |
| C1-esterase inhibitor (native gene) | WAP-promoter (mouse) | Rabbit/MI | 1.8 | [71] |
| Coagulation Factor IX (cDNA) | WAP-promoter (mouse) | Pig/MI | 4 | [72] |
| Coagulation Factor VIII (cDNA) | WAP-promoter (mouse) | Rabbit/MI | 0.1 | [73, 74] |