The effect of rapamycin treatment on oval cell abundance in rats placed on the modified CDE protocol. (A) Western immunoblotting for phospho-S6Ser235/236 and total S6 was performed on total liver homogenates from rats placed on the CDE protocol, CDE plus vehicle (CDE-V), or CDE in combination with rapamycin treatment (CDE-Rapa). (B) Liver cryosections underwent immunofluorescent staining for an oval cell marker BD.2 and were counterstained with DAPI. Images were acquired at 40×. Scale bar: 50 μm. The graph shows the percent area of BD.2-positive cells in ten 20× fields. Results are shown as individual data points and the mean. ◇, CDE; △, CDE-V; ○, CDE–Rapa. *; p=0.003.