Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% confident intervals of diagnosed depression and 30-day anxiety on current chest tightness and current shortness of breath in adults by region and country.
| Current chest tightness | Current shortness of breath | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country* | 30-day anxiety | Diagnosed depression | 30-day anxiety | Diagnosed depression |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| South Pacific | ||||
| Australia‡ | 3.5 (2.6–4.8) | 3.3 (2.2–4.9) | ||
| W. Europe | ||||
| Estonia | 4.4 (2.9–6.6) | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) |
| Finland‡ | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 3.1 (1.7–5.5) | ||
| France‡ | 3.8 (2.0–7.1) | 3.8 (1.6–9.1) | ||
| Ireland‡ | 8.7 (4.4–16.9) | 9.4 (4.4–20.0) | ||
| Latvia | 5.1 (2.6–10.2) | 4.7 (2.5–9.0) | 2.3 (1.1–5.0) | 6.2 (3.0–13.1) |
| Luxembourg‡ | 3.9 (2.2–7.1) | 3.7 (1.8–7.4) | ||
| Norway‡ | 2.5 (1.5–4.2) | 1.6 (0.6–4.3) | ||
| Portugal‡ | 3.5 (2.3–5.4) | 4.0 (2.7–5.7) | ||
| Spain | 3.7 (2.8–4.9) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 3.3 (2.4–4.6) | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) |
| Sweden‡ | 2.5 (1.3–4.8) | 3.0 (1.1–8.6) | ||
| E. Europe | ||||
| Croatia | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | 2.3 (1.2–4.5) | 2.2 (1.3–3.8) | 3.6 (1.7–7.8) |
| Czech Rep. | 5.0 (2.3–10.9) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 1.6 (0.7–3.8) | 4.7 (1.7–13.4) |
| Hungary | 2.2 (1.5–3.0) | 2.2 (1.4–3.3) | 2.5 (1.8–3.5) | 3.3 (2.2–5.2) |
| Russia | 1.8 (1.1–2.8) | 4.6 (1.7–12.3) | 2.1 (1.3–3.6) | 6.8 (2.1–21.5) |
| Ukraine | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | 2.9 (1.6–5.1) | 3.5 (2.0–6.2) | 3.1 (1.9–5.4) |
| America | ||||
| Brazil | 2.6 (2.1–3.2) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5) | 2.3 (1.9–2.9) |
| Dominican | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | 2.4 (1.7–3.4) | 2.6 (1.5–4.6) | 3.4 (1.9–6.0) |
| Ecuador | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) § | 4.0 (2.7–5.9) § | 1.9 (0.9–3.9)§ | 4.0 (2.2–7.2) § |
| Mexico | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) § | 3.3 (2.5–4.3) § | 3.7 (3.1–4.5) § | 3.3 (2.6–4.3) § |
| Paraguay | 2.6 (2.1–3.3) | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 2.7 (2.0–3.5) | 2.9 (2.0–4.1) |
| Uruguay | 2.7 (1.7–4.4) | 3.2 (2.7–3.9) | 2.9 (2.1–4.1) | 3.6 (2.4–5.2) |
| Middle East | ||||
| Georgia | 2.4 (1.6–3.5) | 1.8 (1.3–2.6) | 2.6 (1.8–3.8) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) |
| Israel‡ | 4.2 (2.5–7.0) | 3.1 (1.7–5.7) | ||
| Turkey | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) |
| UAE | 3.1 (1.6–6.2) | 6.7 (2.8–16.4) | 2.7 (1.0–7.3) | 5.4 (2.2–13.4) |
| Africa | ||||
| Burkina Faso | 3.1 (2.1–4.6) | 9.5 (4.5–20.1) | 3.6 (2.5–5.1) | 10.2 (4.4–23.4) |
| Chad | 2.5 (1.8–3.5) | 13.1 (6.5–26.2) | 3.2 (2.0–5.1) | 24.1 (11.4–50.9) |
| Comoros | 1.5 (0.99–2.4) | 7.1 (2.4–20.9) | 1.7 (1.0–3.0) | 10.5 (3.4–32.5) |
| Cote d'Ivoire | 3.5 (2.3–5.2) | 6.6 (3.1–14.0) | 2.8 (1.8–4.3) | 9.7 (4.5–20.8) |
| Ethiopia | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | 4.8 (3.0–7.6) | 2.4 (1.7–3.4) | 5.9 (3.7–9.4) |
| Ghana | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) | 3.0 (1.0–8.5) | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 3.5 (1.2–10.6) |
| Kenya | 2.8 (1.8–4.5) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 2.2 (1.5–3.1) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) |
| Malawi | 2.7 (2.1–3.6) | 4.2 (2.2–8.3) | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) | 6.8 (3.2–14.6) |
| Mauritania | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 12.4 (7.1–21.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 23.0 (12.3–43.0) |
| Mauritius | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 4.2 (2.6–6.8) | 2.7 (1.6–4.5) | 4.3 (2.6–7.0) |
| Morocco | n/a§ | 3.0 (1.8–5.0) | n/a§ | 3.1 (1.8–5.4) |
| Namibia | 3.8 (2.7–5.2) | 3.1 (2.0–4.7) | 2.3 (1.6–3.4) | 4.5 (2.9–7.1) |
| Senegal | 3.8 (2.6–5.6) § | 2.2 (0.8–6.1)§ | 2.5 (1.7–3.8) § | 3.7 (1.5–9.2) § |
| S. Africa | 2.5 (1.8–3.3) | 3.0 (1.7–5.3) | 2.4 (1.6–3.5) | 3.6 (1.9–7.0) |
| Tunisia | 4.0 (3.1–5.3) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 3.2 (2.2–4.6) | 3.1 (2.0–4.9) |
| Zimbabwe | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 2.4 (1.5–4.1) |
| Asia | ||||
| Bangladesh | 3.1 (2.3–4.2) | 4.0 (2.5–6.6) | 2.8 (1.9–4.2) | 2.9 (1.6–5.1) |
| China | 5.3 (2.8–9.7) | 5.5 (1.3–23.8) | 4.8 (2.4–9.3) | 4.5 (0.6–33.8) |
| India | 4.0 (3.1–5.1) | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | 3.1 (2.2–4.4) | 2.6 (2.0–3.4) |
| Kazakhstan | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 2.3 (0.9–6.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 2.4 (0.8–7.0) |
| Laos | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) | 3.4 (1.8–6.5) | 2.5 (1.5–3.9) | 4.8 (2.5–9.2) |
| Malaysia | 3.8 (3.0–4.8) | 2.8 (1.6–4.7) | 4.1 (2.8–6.0) | 2.4 (1.6–4.7) |
| Myanmar | 3.5 (2.3–5.3) | 6.0 (2.6–13.6) | 4.4 (3.0–6.6) | 7.5 (2.9–20.0) |
| Nepal | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) |
| Pakistan | 3.7 (2.8–5.0) | 3.9 (2.2–6.8) | 2.8 (1.7–4.5) | 4.4 (2.4–7.9) |
| Philippines | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 7.5 (5.5–10.2) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 8.6 (6.1–12.3) |
| Sri Lanka | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 6.4 (3.2–12.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 8.1 (3.4–19.1) |
| Vietnam | 6.5 (3.9–10.7) | 2.0 (0.3–16.9) | 6.0 (2.9–12.5) | 5.1 (0.9–28.3) |
*All ORs are derived from the final multiple logistic models containing age, sex, 30-day anxiety, and diagnosed depression. †Bolded ORs are statistically significant at P < 0.05. ‡30-day anxiety is unavailable due to the use of short WHS questionnaire; ORs are adjusted for age and sex. §Missing >25% of data.