Figure 2. TGF-β₁ inhibited the expression of DNMTs in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs).

(A) CFs were starved for 12 h in serum-free DMEM, and then stimulated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β₁, 30 µg/mL TGF-β-neutralizing antibody and 5 µM 5-aza-dC for 48 h. A DNMT activity assay kit was used to analyze the global DNMT activity. (B) CFs were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β₁ for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. The expression of three DNMTs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. (C) CFs were treat as (A), qPCR was performed to quantify the relative mRNA levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. Data were obtained from three independent experiments and expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P <0.05, **P<0.01 (relative to the respective control).