Direct transcriptional regulation, by OsMADS1, of transcription factor genes with meristem functions. A, Quantitation of normalized OsMADS34, OsMADS55, OsHB4, and OsKANADI2 transcript levels in wild-type (WT) and PUbi:OsMADS1-ΔGR; P35S:OsMADS1amiR panicles by RT-qPCR. Plants of both genotypes were mock treated or were given dexamethasone, cycloheximide, or a combination of both chemicals. B to D, Spatial localization of OsMADS55 transcripts in wild-type florets. FM with initiating lemma and palea primordia (B), floret with differentiating inner organs (C), and a nearly mature floret (D) are shown. ca, Carpel; fm, FM; le, lemma; lo, lodicule; pa, palea; st, stamen. Bars = 50 μm.