Figure 9.

Assessment of virulence properties of the HopQ1 effector mutated to eliminate 14-3-3 binding. Bean leaves were inoculated with P. syringae pv tomato DC3000D28E (approximately 10⁵ cfu mL⁻¹) strains expressing HopQ1 or HopQ1-S51A. Immediately prior to infiltration, bacteria were mixed in a 1:1 ratio. Two and 6 d post inoculation (dpi), two leaf discs per plant were cut out from the infiltrated zones, ground in sterile 10 mm MgCl₂, diluted, and plated on KB medium. Bacterial strains were distinguished by a selectable marker. The CI was calculated as the ratio of bacteria expressing the wild-type HopQ1 to bacteria expressing the mutated HopQ1 isolated from plant leaf and normalized to the input titers of the bacteria. Asterisks indicate that the index is significantly different from 1, as established using Student’s t test (P < 0.01). The experiment was performed three times with similar results. [See online article for color version of this figure.]