Figure 4.

The biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids depicting the expression profiles of enzymes catalyzing different steps beginning from the precursors. Dotted arrows indicate multiple steps in the pathway. The transcripts were quantified in the wild type and hp1 at MG, BR, and RR stages of fruit development using real-time PCR. The transcripts were expressed after normalization with two internal controls, β-actin and ubiquitin. GA3-P, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; DXP, deoxy-xylulose 5-phosphate; IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate; GGDP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; DXS, deoxy-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; IDI, inositol diphosphate synthase; GGDS2, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase2; PSY1, phytoene synthase1; PSY2, phytoene synthase2; PDS, phytoene desaturase; ZIS, ζ-carotene isomerase; CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; LCYB1, lycopene β-cyclase1; LCYB2, lycopene β-cyclase2; CYCB, chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase; LCYE, lycopene ε-cyclase; CRTRB2, β-carotene hydroxylase2; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; VDE, violoxanthin deepoxidase; NCED1, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase1; CRTRB1, β-carotene hydroxylase1; CYP97A29, cytochrome P450 carotenoid β-hydroxylase A29; CYP97C11, cytochrome P450 carotenoid ε-hydroxylase C11; WT, wild type.