Table 5.
Previous studies on radiographic measurements after calcaneal lengthening in patients with cerebral palsy
| Study | Etiology (number of subjects) | Radiographic parameter | Preoperative (°) | Postoperative(°) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreacchio et al. [2] | Cerebral palsy (11) | AP TN coverage | 13 ± 19 | 9 ± 10 | Not reported |
| Lat TC | 19 ± 8 | 24 ± 8 | |||
| Lat talo-1MT | 0 ± 7 | 9 ± 11 | |||
| Oeffinger et al. [19] | Cerebral palsy (7); idiopathic (1) |
CP | 12 | 20 | Not reported |
| AP talo-1MT | 25 | 10 | |||
| Lat talo-1MT | 15 | 8 | |||
| Lat TH | 25 | 19 | |||
| Danko et al. [5] | Cerebral palsy (62); other neuromuscular (11); primary foot deformity (23) |
AP talo-1MT | 18.0 | 7.0 | < 0.0001 |
| AP TN coverage | 34.0 | 16.0 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat talo-1MT | 29.3 | 20.7 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat TC | 47.3 | 49.7 | 0.0001 | ||
| Lat TH | 41.4 | 34.7 | < 0.0001 | ||
| CP | 6.1 | 15.1 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yoo et al. [28] | Cerebral palsy (56) | AP TC | 27.9 ± 7.6 | 16.9 ± 5.2 | 0.00016 |
| AP talo-1MT | 23.4 ± 9.2 | 1.7 ± 10.1 | 0.00012 | ||
| Lat TC | 37.6 ± 7.0 | 28.1 ± 5.2 | 0.00021 | ||
| Lat talo-1MT | 24.9 ± 9.2 | 4.8 ± 7.7 | 0.00043 | ||
| CP | 4.1 ± 5.1 | 11.6 ± 6.1 | 0.00047 | ||
| Noritake et al. [18] | Cerebral palsy (16) | AP talo-1MT | 21.4 ± 10.3 | 1.2 ± 9.1 | < 0.0001 |
| AP TN coverage | 28.0 ± 11.7 | 8.8 ± 10.7 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat talo-1MT | 33.6 ± 13.2 | 15.1 ± 13.0 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat TH | 47.6 ± 10.9 | 28.4 ± 8.9 | < 0.0001 | ||
| CP | 3.6 ± 7.8 | 12.4 ± 8.3 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Zeifang et al. [29] | Cerebral palsy (32) | Lat TC | 42.6 ± 6.3 | 36.2 ± 6.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Lat talo-1MT | 32.9 ± 13.9 | 18.0 ± 12.5 | < 0.0001 | ||
| CP | 3.3 ± 9.9 | 13.9 ± 7.8 | < 0.0001 | ||
| AP talo-1MT | 25.3 ± 8.8 | 10.1 ± 7.1 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Park et al. [20] | Cerebral palsy (22) | AP talo-1MT | 27.7 ± 10.1 | 10.3 ± 7.9 | < 0.0001 |
| AP TC | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 27.6 ± 5.3 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat talo-1MT | 29.4 ± 12.7 | 5.2 ± 4.5 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Lat TC | 38.9 ± 9.5 | 42.2 ± 11.0 | > 0.05 | ||
| CP | 3.9 ± 9.8 | 11.1 ± 7.0 | 0.0053 | ||
| Adams et al. [1] | Cerebral palsy (42) | AP talo-1MT | 19.7 ± 8.3 | 1.0 ± 10.3 | < 0.05 |
| AP TN coverage | 38.1 ± 13.4 | 12.0 ± 11.8 | < 0.05 | ||
| Lat talo-1MT | 29.0 ± 10.5 | 10.0 ± 11.5 | < 0.05 | ||
| CP | 2.8 ± 8.7 | 14.2 ± 8.9 | < 0.05 | ||
| Lat TC | 44.3 ± 9.6 | 41.5 ± 11.8 | < 0.05 | ||
| Ettl et al. [9] | Cerebral palsy (19) | AP talo-1MT (ambulator) | 12.6 ± 9.4 | 9.0 ± 4.6 | < 0.05 |
| AP talo-1MT (nonambulator) | 23.9 ± 8.2 | 18.6 ± 14.0 | < 0.05 | ||
| Lat TH (ambulator) | 27.4 ± 8 | 24.0 ± 8.5 | < 0.05 | ||
| Lat TH (nonambulator) | 36.7 ± 10.5 | 29.0 ± 10.9 | < 0.05 | ||
| CP (ambulator) | 14.4 ± 7.7 | 18.4 ± 9.4 | < 0.05 | ||
| CP (nonambulator) | 12.4 ± 6.7 | 14.9 ± 4.0 | < 0.05 |
CP = calcaneal pitch angle; Lat TC = lateral talocalcaneal angle; Lat talo-1MT = lateral talus-first metatarsal angle; AP TN coverage = AP talonavicular coverage angle; AP talo-1MT = AP talus-first metatarsal angle; AP TC = AP talocalcaneal angle; Lat TH = lateral talo-horizontal angle.