Figure 2.

Odds of elevated filtration markers in participants aged ≥20 years. Odds ratios (95% CIs) of an elevated concentration of β-trace protein (≥0.81 mg/L), β2-microglobulin (≥2.80 mg/L), cystatin C (≥1.03 mg/L), and creatinine (men, ≥1.2 mg/dl; women, ≥1.0 mg/dl) after adjusting for age (per 1-year increase), female sex, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, Mexican American race/ethnicity, BMI per 5-kg/m² increase, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking status, CRP from 0.22 to 1.0 mg/dl, CRP >1.0 mg/dl, triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (per 10-mg/dl increase), and education (≥12 years). Reference groups for categorical variables include male sex, non-Hispanic whites, no hypertension, no diabetes, no current smoking status, and an education <12 years. β-trace protein is depicted by a circle, β2-microglobulin is depicted by a triangle, cystatin C is depicted by a diamond, and creatinine is depicted by a square. The age covariate is not shown. BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.