Table 1.
Characteristics overall and by age group, US population (NHANES III 1988–1994)
| Characteristic | Age Group (yr) | Overall | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12–19 (n=719) | 20–39 (n=1675) | 40–59 (n=1149) | ≥60 (n=4053) | All (n=7596) | |
| Male | 50.8±3.5 | 49.3±2.1 | 48.7±2.5 | 42.8±0.8 | 48.1±1.4 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 69.4±3.6 | 71.7±2.7 | 78.6±2.3 | 84.0±1.5 | 75.6±2.0 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 15.5±2.1 | 12.6±1.4 | 10.4±1.1 | 8.3±0.8 | 11.6±1.0 |
| Mexican American | 8.3±1.0 | 7.0±0.9 | 4.3±0.6 | 2.3±0.2 | 5.5±0.5 |
| Other ethnicity | 6.8±1.9 | 8.8±1.6 | 6.8±1.6 | 5.4±1.0 | 7.3±1.2 |
| Education <12 yra | NA | 18.6±1.7 | 20.1±2.2 | 40.0±1.7 | 23.0±1.4 |
| Current smokinga | 10.7±2.2 | 36.4±2.2 | 27.5±2.2 | 14.8±1.0 | 26.2±1.1 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)a | 7.1±1.9 | 18.0±1.8 | 28.3±2.1 | 23.8±0.9 | 20.4±1.1 |
| Hypertensiona | 0.6±0.4 | 5.2±0.7 | 24.0±2.2 | 58.7±1.0 | 20.1±1.2 |
| Diabetes a | 0.1±0.1 | 1.0±0.3 | 6.5±1.1 | 12.6±0.7 | 4.6±0.5 |
| Low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl for men; <50 mg/dl for women)a | 38.7±3.2 | 36.2±1.7 | 39.4±2.1 | 37.4±1.4 | 37.6±1.3 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)a | 83.7 | 99.6 | 130.1 | 143.3 | 112.1 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl)a | |||||
| <0.22 | 88.9±2.4 | 77.4±1.9 | 68.7±2.6 | 61.4±2.1 | 73.5±1.5 |
| 0.22–1 | 8.5±1.9 | 17.3±1.5 | 23.6±2.2 | 28.6±1.7 | 20.0±1.2 |
| >1 | 2.6±1.3 | 4.5±0.7 | 7.6±1.5 | 9.9±0.7 | 6.1±0.6 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g)a,b | 8.2 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 11.1 | 6.6 |
| Estimated GFR, creatinine (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 135.6±0.94 | 113.1±0.77 | 96.9±0.63 | 74.5±0.42 | 104.4±0.69 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl)c | |||||
| Male | 0.77±0.01 | 0.92±0.01 | 0.93±0.01 | 1.06±0.01 | 0.92±0.01d |
| Female | 0.66±0.01 | 0.70±0.01 | 0.74±0.01 | 0.84±0.01 | 0.74±0.005d |
| Cystatin C (mg/L)c | |||||
| Male | 0.82±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 0.83±0.01 | 1.04±0.01 | 0.85±0.01d |
| Female | 0.74±0.01 | 0.72±0.01 | 0.78±0.01 | 1.02±0.01 | 0.80±0.01d |
| β-trace protein (mg/L)c | |||||
| Male | 0.60±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 | 0.56±0.01 | 0.77±0.01 | 0.59±0.01d |
| Female | 0.56±0.01 | 0.51±0.01 | 0.54±0.01 | 0.72±0.01 | 0.57±0.01d |
| β2-microglobulin (mg/L)c | |||||
| Male | 1.65±0.02 | 1.71±0.02 | 1.86±0.02 | 2.56±0.03 | 1.89±0.02e |
| Female | 1.54±0.02 | 1.62±0.02 | 1.85±0.04 | 2.60±0.04 | 1.88±0.02e |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM for continuous data and as a proportion ± SEM for categorical variables. A geometric mean (without SEM) is provided for albumin/creatinine ratio and triglycerides. SEMs for geometric means were not obtained because of complex survey design. Survey sample size is denoted by n. Creatinine may be converted from mg/dl to μmol/L by multiplying by 88.4. Triglycerides may be converted from mg/dl to mmol/L by multiplying by 0.0113. HDL may be converted from mg/dl to mmol/L by multiplying by 0.0259. NHANES III, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI, body mass index; NA, not available.
Data from a small fraction of participants with unknown covariate distribution not shown.
Albumin/creatinine ratio was determined in a subset of participants that excluded pregnant or menstruating women (n=250).
Men (n=3611), women (n=3985).
P value for overall mean across sexes was <0.01.
P value for overall mean across sexes was 0.66.