Table 2.
Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of elevated serum β-trace protein (≥0.81 mg/L), elevated serum β2-microglobulin (≥2.80 mg/L), elevated standard cystatin C (≥1.03 mg/L), and elevated standard creatinine (men, ≥1.0 mg/dl; women, ≥1.2 mg/dl) in persons aged ≥20 years
| β-Trace Protein (≥0.81 mg/L) | β2-Microglobulin (≥2.80 mg/L) | Standard Cystatin C (≥1.03 mg/L) | Creatinine (Men, ≥1.0 mg/dl; Women, ≥1.2 mg/dl) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥20 yr (n=6682 [1220]) | ≥20 yr (n=6688 [1204]) | ≥20 yr (n=6742 [1680]) | ≥20 yr (n=6742 [966]) | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age (yr) | 1.09 | 1.06–1.12 | <0.01 | 1.09 | 1.07–1.11 | <0.01 | 1.10 | 1.08–1.12 | <0.01 | 1.06 | 1.05–1.07 | <0.01 |
| Female sex | 0.62 | 0.44–0.88 | <0.01 | 1.26 | 0.88–1.80 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.65–1.16 | 0.33 | 0.60 | 0.46–0.77 | <0.01 |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.52 | 0.37–0.73 | <0.01 | 1.04 | 0.78–1.40 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.53–1.07 | 0.11 | 3.09 | 2.54–3.75 | <0.01 |
| Mexican American | 0.56 | 0.37–0.84 | <0.01 | 0.82 | 0.57–1.18 | 0.28 | 0.85 | 0.48–1.49 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.31–0.62 | <0.01 |
| BMI (per 5 kg/m2) | 0.93 | 0.81–1.06 | 0.28 | 0.83 | 0.75–0.92 | <0.01 | 1.23 | 1.06–1.43 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0.86–1.13 | 0.84 |
| Hypertension | 2.10 | 1.54–2.86 | <0.01 | 1.66 | 1.35–2.03 | <0.01 | 1.72 | 1.27–2.32 | <0.01 | 2.15 | 1.75–2.64 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 1.06 | 0.77–1.47 | 0.71 | 1.37 | 0.91–2.07 | 0.13 | 1.17 | 0.84–1.62 | 0.35 | 1.17 | 0.87–1.57 | 0.30 |
| Current smoker | 0.98 | 0.61–1.58 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 0.66–1.43 | 0.87 | 1.44 | 0.96–2.17 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.58–0.98 | 0.04 |
| CRP (mg/dl)b | ||||||||||||
| 0.22–1.0 | 1.30 | 0.95–1.79 | 0.10 | 1.75 | 1.32–2.30 | <0.01 | 1.13 | 0.86–1.48 | 0.39 | 1.18 | 0.95–1.46 | 0.13 |
| >1.0 | 2.12 | 1.37–3.28 | <0.01 | 4.10 | 2.65–6.33 | <0.01 | 2.49 | 1.60–3.86 | <0.01 | 1.65 | 1.08–2.53 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 0.84 | 0.56–1.27 | 0.41 | 0.98 | 0.66–1.46 | 0.93 | 1.50 | 1.08–2.09 | 0.02 | 1.70 | 1.32–2.20 | <0.01 |
| HDL (per 10 mg/dl) | 0.89 | 0.79–1.00 | 0.05 | 0.79 | 0.68–0.91 | <0.01 | 0.87 | 0.80–0.94 | <0.01 | 0.95 | 0.87–1.04 | 0.27 |
| Education ≥12 yr | 0.65 | 0.48–0.87 | <0.01 | 0.73 | 0.58–0.91 | 0.01 | 0.76 | 0.61–0.96 | 0.02 | 0.84 | 0.66–1.05 | 0.12 |
Numbers in brackets represent individuals with an elevated β-trace protein (≥0.81 mg/L) and elevated β2-microglobulin (≥2.80 mg/L). Triglycerides were analyzed on a logarithmic scale (ln). Triglycerides may be converted from mg/dl to mmol/L by multiplying by 0.0113. HDL may be converted from mg/dl to mmol/L by multiplying by 0.0259. OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Reference group is non-Hispanic whites.
Reference group is individuals with CRP <0.22 mg/dl.