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Sepsis begins with either infection or tissue injury. PAMPs from invading organisms or DAMPs from injured tissue cells (or both) are recognized by macrophage receptors such as the TLRs. This results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 and chemokines such as IL-8 and MCP-1. IL-6 stimulates the liver to produce CRP and complement proteins. Many cells in the body also produce PCT in response to both infection and injury.
