Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with non-fatal overdose among individuals who did and did not report recent incarceration.
| Recently incarcerated
|
Not recently incarcerated
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||
| Per year older | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female vs. male | 1.14 (0.91–1.44) | 1.20 (1.00–1.42) | ||
| Aboriginal ancestry | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 0.89 (0.69–1.13) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | ||
| Yes vs. no | 1.30 (1.04–1.62) | 1.76 (1.44–2.15) | 1.31 (1.04–1.64) | |
| Formal employmenta | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.11 (0.85–1.44) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married vs. other | 1.04 (0.82–1.31) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | ||
| Live alone | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | ||
| Heroin injectiona | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.80 (1.48–2.18) | 1.29 (1.05–1.59) | 2.24 (1.94–2.59) | 1.33 (1.14–1.57) |
| Cocaine injectiona | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.91 (1.59–2.29) | 1.49 (1.22–1.83) | 2.62 (2.26–3.03) | 1.72 (1.47–2.03) |
| Speedball injectiona | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.75 (1.39–2.22) | 2.21 (1.78–2.75) | ||
| MA usea | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.78 (1.05–3.03) | 1.98 (1.21–3.22) | 2.14 (1.38–3.32) | 1.97 (1.21–3.19) |
| Morphine usea | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.01 (0.56–1.83) | 1.33 (0.88–1.99) | ||
| Benzodiazepine usea | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.96 (1.37–2.81) | 1.90 (1.29–2.80) | 2.44 (1.92–3.11) | 2.11 (1.62–2.75) |
| Alcohol use >4 drinksa | ||||
| ≥Daily vs. less | 1.26 (0.91–1.75) | 1.40 (1.14–1.71) | 1.28 (1.03–1.60) | |
| MMT | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 0.56 (0.42–0.74) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85) | 0.45 (0.38–0.55) | 0.60 (0.50–0.72) |
| Binge drug usea | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 2.02 (1.69–2.41) | 1.67 (1.38–2.03) | 2.68 (2.35–3.05) | 2.09 (1.82–2.40) |
| Public injectinga | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.64 (1.35–2.00) | 1.34 (1.10–1.65) | 2.38 (2.01–2.82) | 1.46 (1.21–1.76) |
| Where incarcerateda | ||||
| Provincial vs. local | 0.89 (0.74–1.07) | – | ||
| Federal vs. local | 0.64 (0.33–1.24) | – | ||
| Previous incarceration | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.00 (0.65–1.54) | 0.73 (0.61–0.88) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) | |
| Inject while incara | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.52 (1.11–2.08) | – | ||
| Previous NFOD | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 3.60 (2.77–4.68) | 3.87 (2.97–5.03) | 3.04 (2.52–3.66) | 3.41 (2.83–4.12) |
| HIV-serostatus | ||||
| Positive vs. negative | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 0.77 (0.61–0.99) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | |
| HCV-serostatus | ||||
| Positive vs. negative | 1.37 (0.93–2.01) | 0.74 (0.57–0.95) | ||
a
In the last six months.