Table 2.
Hazard Ratios of Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (AF)*
| Risk factor | Events | Person-years | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | Model 3§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | |||
| Overall | 317 | 5,253 | — | — | — |
| Age, per 10 y | — | — | 1.20 (1.08, 1.33) | 1.27 (1.12, 1.43) | 1.27 (1.13, 1.44) |
| Female | 160 | 2,560 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Male | 157 | 2,693 | 1.01 (0.80, 1.26) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.32) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)║ | |||||
| 18.5–24.9 (normal) | 65 | 1,232 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 25.0–29.9 (overweight) | 114 | 1,898 | 1.23 (0.91, 1.68) | 1.24 (0.91, 1.69) | 1.26 (0.92, 1.72) |
| 30.0–34.9 (obese 1) | 74 | 1,173 | 1.32 (0.94, 1.85) | 1.33 (0.94, 1.87) | 1.35 (0.96, 1.91) |
| 35.0–39.9 (obese 2) | 33 | 515 | 1.47 (0.96, 2.25) | 1.48 (0.96, 2.29) | 1.50 (0.97, 2.33) |
| ≥ 40.0 (obese 3) | 31 | 435 | 1.78 (1.14, 2.79) | 1.79 (1.13, 2.84) | 1.79 (1.13, 2.84) |
| Diabetes: | |||||
| No | 272 | 4,472 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 45 | 781 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.36) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.32) |
| Hypertension: | |||||
| No | 142 | 2,564 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Yes | 175 | 2,689 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.25) | 0.99 (0.78, 1.26) |
| Systolic blood pressure, per 10 mmHg | — | — | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, per 10 mmHg | — | — | 1.05 (0.96, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) |
*Permanent AF was defined as AF present on two separate occasions 6–36 months apart, without any documented sinus rhythm
† Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
‡ Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, and all risk factors shown in the table
§ Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, all risk factors shown in the table, and baseline coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and prior stroke
║ The HRs per 5-kg/m2 increment of continuous BMI were 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.01, 1.20) in model 1; 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.01, 1.20) in model 2; and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.01, 1.20) in model 3