Table 3.
Epidemiological surveys of co-infection between TB and parasitic diseases
|
Country |
Year of report |
No. of population screened (a) |
No. of people with TB (b) |
People with parasitic disease (c) |
No. of people co-infected (d) |
Prevalence (%) |
Survey site |
HIV test |
No. of reference |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Species | d/a | d/b | d/c | ||||||||
| Korea |
1984 |
|
329 |
|
Trichocephalus trichiurus |
68 |
|
20.7 |
|
Hospital1 |
Unknown |
[30] |
| |
|
|
215 |
|
Trichocephalus trichiurus |
14 |
|
6.5 |
|
Hospital2 |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
|
329 |
|
Clonorchis sinensis |
58 |
|
17.6 |
|
Hospital1 |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
|
215 |
|
Clonorchis sinensis |
13 |
|
6.0 |
|
Hospital2 |
Unknown |
|
| Sudan |
2004 |
382 |
100 |
252 |
Leishmania donovani |
77 |
20.2 |
77.0 |
30.6 |
Community |
Unknown |
[31] |
| Ethiopia |
2006 |
782 |
100 |
234 |
Intestinal parasites |
32 |
4.1 |
32.0 |
13.7 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
[32] |
| |
|
782 |
100 |
155 |
Helminths |
16 |
2.0 |
16.0 |
10.3 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Parasites species |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
88 |
Ascaris lumbricoides |
5 |
0.6 |
5.0 |
5.7 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
70 |
Giardia lamblia |
15 |
1.9 |
15.0 |
21.4 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
50 |
Entamoeba histolytica |
10 |
1.3 |
10.0 |
20.0 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
36 |
Hookworm |
6 |
0.8 |
6.0 |
16.7 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
25 |
Taenia species |
2 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
8.0 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
13 |
Strongyloides stercoralis |
5 |
0.6 |
5.0 |
38.5 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| |
|
782 |
100 |
8 |
Trichuris trichiura |
1 |
0.1 |
1.0 |
12.5 |
Hospital |
Unknown |
|
| Tanzania |
2007 |
|
309 |
|
Malaria |
19 |
|
6.1 |
|
Hospital |
HIV positive |
[33] |
| |
|
|
309 |
|
Schistosomiasis |
100 |
|
32.4 |
|
Hospital |
HIV positive |
|
| |
|
|
309 |
|
Hookworm |
33 |
|
10.7 |
|
Hospital |
HIV positive |
|
| |
|
|
346 |
|
Malaria |
9 |
|
2.6 |
|
Hospital |
HIV negative |
|
| |
|
|
346 |
|
Schistosomiasis |
132 |
|
38.2 |
|
Hospital |
HIV negative |
|
| |
|
|
346 |
|
Hookworm |
86 |
|
24.9 |
|
Hospital |
HIV negative |
|
| Ethiopia |
2012 |
|
112 |
|
Intestinal helminths |
32 |
|
28.6 |
|
Community |
47% (53/112) of PTB patients were HIV positive | [34] |
| |
|
|
112 |
|
Ascaris lumbricoides |
12 |
|
10.7 |
|
Community |
|
|
| |
|
|
112 |
|
Hookworm |
8 |
|
7.1 |
|
Community |
|
|
| |
|
|
112 |
|
Schistosoma mansoni |
6 |
|
5.4 |
|
Community |
|
|
| |
|
|
112 |
|
Trichuris trichiura |
8 |
|
7.1 |
|
Community |
|
|
| 112 | Strongyloides stercoralis | 3 | 2.7 | Community | ||||||||