Table 4.
The interrelationship of infection between TB and parasitic diseases
| Country | Year of report | Parasitic disease | PTB (+) | PTB (−) | RRrow (95% CI) | P-value | No. of reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sudan |
2004 |
Leishmania donovani |
+ |
77 |
175 |
1.73 (1.14-2.62) |
|
[31] |
| |
|
|
_ |
23 |
107 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
1.24 (1.08-1.43) |
1.00 |
|
0.0067 |
|
| Ethiopia |
2006 |
Intestinal parasites |
+ |
32 |
202 |
1.10 (0.74-1.63) |
|
[32] |
| |
|
|
_ |
68 |
480 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
1.08 (0.79-1.47) |
1.00 |
|
0.6272 |
|
| |
|
Helminths |
+ |
16 |
139 |
0.77 (0.46-1.28) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
84 |
543 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
0.78 (0.49-1.26) |
1.00 |
|
0.3047 |
|
| |
|
Ascaris lumbricoides |
+ |
5 |
83 |
0.42 (0.17-0.99) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
95 |
599 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
0.41 (0.17-0.99) |
1.00 |
|
0.0341 |
|
| |
|
Giardia lamblia |
+ |
15 |
55 |
1.80 (1.10-2.93) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
85 |
627 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
1.86 (1.09-3.16) |
1.00 |
|
0.0233 |
|
| |
|
Entamoeba histolytica |
+ |
10 |
40 |
1.63 (0.90-2.93) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
90 |
642 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
1.70 (0.88-3.30) |
1.00 |
|
0.1145 |
|
| |
|
Hookworm |
+ |
6 |
30 |
1.32 (0.62-2.81) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
94 |
652 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
1.36 (0.58-3.19) |
1.00 |
|
0.4451* |
|
| |
|
Taenia species |
+ |
2 |
23 |
0.62 (0.16-2.36) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
98 |
659 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
0.59 (0.14-2.48) |
1.00 |
|
0.7594* |
|
| |
|
Strongyloides stercoralis |
+ |
5 |
8 |
3.11 (1.53-6.35) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
95 |
674 |
1.00 |
|
|
| |
|
RRcol (95% CI) |
|
4.26 (1.42-12.77) |
1.00 |
|
0.0172* |
|
| |
|
Trichuris trichiura |
+ |
1 |
7 |
0.98 (0.15-6.17) |
|
|
| |
|
|
_ |
99 |
675 |
1.00 |
|
|
| RRcol (95% CI) | 0.97 (0.12-7.84) | 1.00 | 1.0000* |
+: infected; -: noninfected; *: Fisher’s exact test; Abbreviation: PTB = pulmonary tuberculosis; RR = risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.