Table 8.
Liposome Immunoassays for some Pharmaceutical Compounds
| Compound | Liposome composition | Marker: (inside) outside | Lytic agent | Sample | Sensitivity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digoxin | PC-COL | FAD-GOD, CL reagent | Mellitin | Serum | 10 pmol | (167) |
| Gentamycin | DMPC-COL | (Calcein) | Phospholipase C | Buffer | 2.5 pg/ml | (168) |
| Biotin | lecithin, COL | (ALP) PNPP | Mellitin | Buffer | 2 nmol | (169) |
| Carbamazepine | DMPC, DMPG, COL, PE | (PNPP) ALP | Guinea pig serum | Serum | 4 ng/ml | (170) |
| Phenobarbital | DMPC, DMPG, COL, DMPE | (G6PDH) G6P, NAD | Guinea pig serum | Serum | 15 μg/ml | (170) |
| Phenytoin | DMPC, DMPG, COL, DMPE | (G6PDH) G6P, NAD | Guinea pig serum | Serum | 5 μg/ml | (170) |
| Theophylline | PC, PG, COL, α-tocopherol | (G6PDH + G6P) | Guinea pig serum | Serum | 2.5 μg/ml | (171) |
| Interferon-γ | DPPC, DPPG, COL, BX-DHPE | Carboxyfluorescin | triton-X | Serum | 0.5 U/ml | (172) |
PC, phosphatidylcholine; COL, cholesterol; POPC, L-α-palmityloleoylphosphatidylcholine; DMPC, dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine; DMPG, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; DMPE, dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; DPPC, dipalmitylphosphatidylcholine; DPPG, dipalmitylphosphatidylglycerol; DPPE, dipalmitylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine; BX-DHPE, N-((6-biotinyl)amino)hexanoyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide; GOD, glucose oxidase; CL, chemiluminescence; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PNPP, p-nitrophenylphosphate; G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; NAD, Nicotinamide adenosine dinnucleotide.