Table 4. Efficacy of the use of oseltamivir and zanamivir in prophylaxis against symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed influenza in healthy adults, children, elderly and at-risk individuals according to different systematic reviews (ITT – pooled results).
| Outcome | NIa,b | Number of days | First author/review | Number of included studies | Number of participants | Percentage of influenza in placebo group | Estimate (95% CI)c | Quality GRADEe | References of included studies |
| Healthy adults | |||||||||
| Seasonal prophylaxis | O | 42 | Tappenden [18] | 1 | 1039 | 4.8% | 0.27 (0.09 to 0.83) | moderate | Hayden 1999 [99] |
| Jackson [21] | 1 | 1039 | 4.8% | 0.24 (0.09 to 0.54) | Hayden 1999 [99] | ||||
| Khazeni [22] | 2 | 1039/308 | 4.8%/13.7% | 0.24 (0.10 to 0.58)/(0.24 (0.09 to 0.61)d | Hayden 1999 [99]/Kashiwaghi 2000 [47] | ||||
| Z | 28 | Tappenden [18] | 2 | 1107/316 | 6.1%/3.8% | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.63)/(0.49 (0.12 to 1.92)d | moderate | Monto 1999 [30]/GSK study 167/101 | |
| Jackson [21] | 1 | 1107 | 6.1% | 0.32 (0.17 to 0.63) | Monto 1999 [30] | ||||
| Khazeni [22] | 1 | 1107 | 7.8% | 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59) | Monto 1999 [30] | ||||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | O | 7 to 10 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 2 | 1747 | 8.7% | 0.19 (0.08 to 0.45) | moderate | Welliver 2001 [42]/Hayden 2004 [26] |
| Z | 5 to 10 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 3 | 2416 | 8.7% | 0.21 (0.13 to 0.33) | moderate | Hayden 2000 [100]/Monto 2002 [101]/Kaiser 2000 [102] | |
| Children | |||||||||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | O | 10 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] / Wang [17] | 1 | 215 | 18.9% | 0.36 (0.15 to 0.84) | low | Hayden 2004 [26] |
| O&Z | 10 | Wang [17] | 3 | 863 | 12.8% | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.05) | moderate | Hayden 2000 [100]/Monto 2002 [101]/WV16193 | |
| At-risk elderly | |||||||||
| Seasonal prophylaxis | O | 42 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 1 | 548 | 4.4% | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.63) | low | Peters 2001 [103] |
| Khazeni [22] | 1 | 548 | 4.4% | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.63) | Peters 2001 [103] | ||||
| Z | 28 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 1 | 1896 | 0.5% | 0.20 (0.02 to 1.72) | moderate | LaForce 2007 [27] | |
| At-risk adults and adolescents (67–68% vaccinated) | |||||||||
| Seasonal prophylaxis | Z | 28 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 1 | 3363 | 1.4% | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.44) | moderate | LaForce 2007 [27] |
| Elderly subjects in long-term care (10% vaccinated) | |||||||||
| Outbreak control | Z | 14 | Tappenden [18] /Jackson [21] | 1 | 489 | 9.2% | 0.68 (0.36 to 1.27) | low | Ambrozaitis 2005 [28] |
a
O = Oral oseltamivir 75 mg 1×/day; dosage adjusted to weight in children.
b
Z = Inhaled zanamivir 10 mg 1×/day; dosage adjusted to weight in children.
c
relative risk or random risk difference (Wang).
d
no pooling of results.
e
GRADE quality of evidence: high; moderate; low.
ITT = intention-to-treat; NI = neuraminidase inhibitor; CI = confidence interval.