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. 2013 Apr 3;4:82. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00082

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Copyright © 2013 Hubo, Trinschek, Kryczanowsky, Tuettenberg, Steinbrink and Jonuleit.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

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Protocols for generation of tolerogenic and immunogenic dendritic cells from monocytic precursors. In the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF isolated monocytes differentiate into immature DC within 5–7 days. Terminal differentiation into fully mature DC is induced upon stimulation with inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF) together with PGE₂. This is a common protocol for generation of immunogenic DC used in numerous clinical trials for DC-based vaccination strategies in context of cancer. Maturation of DC carried out in presence of IL-10 provokes differentiation into tolerogenic IL-10DC.