Table 4.

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Individual Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins as the Dependent Variable in Nondiabetic Subjects

Dependent Variable	Model Adjustment 1a Fasting Glucose β (SE)	Model Adjustment 1a 2-h Glucose β (SE)	Model Adjustment 2b		Model Adjustment 3c
			Fasting Glucose β (SE)	2-h Glucose β (SE)	Fasting Glucose β (SE)	2-h Glucose β (SE)
Lipoproteins, mmol/L
Total cholesterol	0.73 ± 0.38	0.56 ± 0.37	0.59 ± 0.42	0.30 ± 0.41	0.53 ± 0.45	0.17 ± 0.46
LDL cholesterol	0.81 ± 0.30d	0.13 ± 0.30	0.95 ± 0.34d	−0.30 ± 0.34	0.78 ± 0.36e	−0.47 ± 0.38
HDL cholesterol	−0.62 ± 0.12f	−0.57 ± 0.12f	−0.44 ± 0.14d	−0.37 ± 0.13d	−0.18 ± 0.14	0.13 ± 0.14
Triglyceridesg	0.09 ± 0.02f	0.16 ± 0.02f	0.03 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02f	−0.01 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02f
Non-HDL cholesterol	1.34 ± 0.39f	1.15 ± 0.38d	1.02 ± 0.44e	0.69 ± 0.43	0.70 ± 0.46	0.06 ± 0.47
Non-HDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio	0.32 ± 0.06f	0.29 ± 0.06f	0.23 ± 0.07d	0.18 ± 0.07e	0.14 ± 0.08	−0.03 ± 0.08
Triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio	0.19 ± 0.05f	0.28 ± 0.05f	0.07 ± 0.05	0.25 ± 0.05f	0.01 ± 0.06	0.10 ± 0.06
Apolipoproteins, mg/dL
ApoA-1	−2.99 ± 0.91d	−1.83 ± 0.90e	−2.70 ± 1.03d	−0.60 ± 1.01	−1.73 ± 1.09	0.59 ± 1.12
ApoB	4.19 ± 0.83f	4.52 ± 0.81f	2.62 ± 0.93d	3.34 ± 0.91f	1.80 ± 0.97	1.63 ± 1.00
ApoB-to-apoA-1 ratio	0.49 ± 0.09f	0.51 ± 0.09f	0.32 ± 0.11d	0.37 ± 0.10f	0.22 ± 0.11e	0.18 ± 0.11
Lipoprotein heterogeneity
Total VLDL particles, nmol/L	3.56 ± 1.02f	1.72 ± 1.00	3.49 ± 1.15d	0.15 ± 1.12	2.63 ± 1.21e	−1.52 ± 1.24
Large	0.35 ± 0.10f	0.65 ± 0.09f	0.06 ± 0.11	0.63 ± 0.10f	−0.05 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.12f
Medium	0.81 ± 0.43	0.45 ± 0.42	0.76 ± 0.49	0.11 ± 0.48	0.71 ± 0.52	−0.19 ± 0.53
Small	2.40 ± 0.68f	0.62 ± 0.67	2.67 ± 0.77f	−0.58 ± 0.75	1.96 ± 0.80e	−1.72 ± 0.82e
Total LDL particles, nmol/L	83.5 ± 12.8f	79.7 ± 12.5f	58.3 ± 14.3f	53.5 ± 14.0f	40.9 ± 14.9d	14.8 ± 15.3
IDL	2.79 ± 0.87d	1.82 ± 0.85e	2.46 ± 0.98e	0.71 ± 0.95	1.36 ± 1.03	−0.52 ± 1.06
Large	−10.7 ± 7.1	−27.8 ± 6.9f	3.02 ± 7.96	−29.1 ± 7.8f	5.83 ± 8.48	−20.2 ± 8.7e
Small	91.5 ± 15.2f	105.6 ± 14.7f	52.8 ± 16.9d	81.9 ± 16.5f	33.7 ± 17.6	35.5 ± 18.1e
Total HDL particles, μmol/L	0.04 ± 0.18	0.16 ± 0.18	−0.04 ± 0.20	0.17 ± 0.20	0.09 ± 0.22	0.41 ± 0.22
Large	−0.50 ± 0.09f	−0.49 ± 0.08f	−0.35 ± 0.10f	−0.33 ± 0.09f	−0.16 ± 0.10	−0.04 ± 0.10
Mediumg	0.00 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.03d	−0.05 ± 0.03	0.10 ± 0.03d	−0.04 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.03f
Small	0.60 ± 0.17f	0.28 ± 0.17	0.59 ± 0.20d	−0.01 ± 0.19	0.47 ± 0.21e	−0.13 ± 0.21
Particle size, nm
VLDL	0.83 ± 0.34e	2.13 ± 0.33f	−0.22 ± 0.38	2.23 ± 0.37f	−0.55 ± 0.40	1.33 ± 0.41d
LDL	−0.15 ± 0.03f	−0.18 ± 0.03f	−0.08 ± 0.03d	−0.15 ± 0.03f	−0.04 ± 0.03	−0.07 ± 0.03e
HDL	−0.11 ± 0.01f	−0.10 ± 0.01f	−0.08 ± 0.02f	−0.06 ± 0.02f	−0.05 ± 0.02d	−0.02 ± 0.02

Results expressed per 1 SD unit increase.

^aModel adjustment 1: results adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and clinic.

^bModel adjustment 2: results adjusted for variables in model adjustment 1, but fasting glucose and 2-h glucose were both included in all models as independent variables.

^cModel adjustment 3: similar to model adjustment 2, but results were also adjusted for waist circumference and S_I.

^dP < .01.

^eP < .05.

^fP < .001.

^gLog-transformed variable.