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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2012 Aug 30;488(7413):647–651. doi: 10.1038/nature11310

Figure 2. PC Tsc1 hets and mutants display autistic-like behaviors.

Figure 2

A. In assays of social approach, unlike all control genotypes (WT, L7Cre, and Flox), hets and mutants (mut) demonstrated no significant preference for novel mouse over novel object by time spent in chamber (above) or time in close interaction (below) with novel mouse. B. Unlike controls, hets and mutants also failed to display preference for social novelty in chamber (above) and close interaction (below) times. n≥11 for each group. C. Mutants displayed normal acquisition of escape platform location but impairments on day 1 of reversal learning (RDay) 1 in a water T-maze. (total trials = 15), n≥13 for each group. D. Hets and mutants spent significantly more time self-grooming. n≥11 for each group. E. Hets (P10) and mutants (P7, 10) pups emitted significantly more ultrasonic vocalizations than controls. n≥8 for each time point and group. ns, p>0.05; *, p<0.05; ** p<0.01, *** p <0.001, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's post hoc analysis.