Table 2.

Multivariate Regression Results for Health-Related Quality of Life, Social Functioning, and Emotional Well-Being, in Rural, Adjacent, and Urban US Adults 65 Years and Older (n = 911)

	Health-Related Quality of Life			Social Functioning			Emotional Well-Being
Variable	Estimate	SE	P value	Estimate	SE	P value	Estimate	SE	P value
Rural (vs urban)	0.130	0.09	.189	−.538	.23	.035	−0.022	0.06	.702
Adjacent (vs urban)	0.201	0.14	.180	0.236	0.16	.152	−0.061	0.05	.258
Age	−0.012	0.01	.087	0.271	0.01	.056	0.004	0.00	.246
Female	0.192	0.13	.166	.489	.11	<.001	0.071	0.04	.110
Hispanic (vs white)	.309	.13	.028	−0.135	0.30	.663	−.193	.06	.009
Black (vs white)	0.112	0.11	.313	.460	.16	.013	−.141	.04	.005
Other (vs white)	0.404	0.51	.436	−1.06	0.63	.129	−0.062	0.17	.714
Family size	0.041	0.04	.330	0.076	0.07	.323	0.031	0.18	.107
Marital status (married)	−0.035	0.11	.740	0.434	0.21	.054	0.065	0.04	.142
Education (≥high school)	.269	.10	.014	.547	.21	.019	−0.056	0.05	.303
Poverty index	−0.004	0.03	.900	0.065	0.04	.161	0.027	0.01	.078
Number of chronic illnesses	−0.004	0.03	.868	−0.064	0.04	.136	0.019	0.02	.261
Activities of daily living (ADL)	.034	.01	<.001	−.024	.01	.010	−.009	.01	.003
Memory problems (yes)	0.175	0.29	.552	−0.835	0.18	<.001	−0.060	0.04	.173
Depression	.263	.02	<.001	−0.041	0.02	.077	−.048	.00	<.001
Health care utilization	0.045	0.05	.364	.120	.050	.041	0.018	0.02	.299
Physical activity	−0.040	0.08	.623	0.103	0.12	.418	−0.047	0.03	.151

SE, Standard error.

Results in bold significant at P < .05.