Table 1.

Animal models of rhabdomyosarcoma

Species	Approach	Histologic Subtype	Tumor Onset	References
Zebrafish	Mosaic Transgenic Approach (rag2- kRASG12D injection at 1-cell stage)	Embryonal	10 days post- fertilization	Langenau et al., 2007
Zebrafish	Heat Shock-inducible Cre-Lox approach (beta-actin-LoxP- EGFP-pA-LoxP- kRASG12D line × hsp70-Cre line)	Embryonal	Heatshocked: Average 35 days Non heatshocked: Average 65 days	Le et al., 2008
Zebrafish	Tol2 gene trap system with transgene expressing constitutively active human H-RASV12	Costello syndrome	60 to 365 days	Santoriello et al., 2009
Mouse	Conditional Pax3:Fkhr knock-in/Myf6- specific Cre driver(Pax3:Fkhr heterozygous lines) Pax3:Fkhr homozygous lines × Trp53 −/+ × Trp 53 −/− × Ink4a/Arf −/−	Alveolar --------------→ --------------→ --------------→	383 days 202 days 75-1 days 56-89 days	Keller et al., 2004
Mouse	HGF/SF-transgenic x Ink4a/Arf −/−	Embryonal	~90 days	Sharp et al., 2002
Mouse	Cre-Loxp conditional krasG12V knock in x p53 −/−	Pleomorphic	~30-70 days	Tsumura et al., 2006
Human Tumor Xenografts in Mice	Cell lines derived from normal human skeletal muscle precursor cells (SkMCs) or human myoblasts (HSMM) stably expressing SV40 T/t-Ag (T), hTERT, H-Ras (V12G); transformed tumor cells were applied to xenograft assays	Embryonal	SkMC: ~30-77 days (SQ injection) HSMM: 14 days (SQ); 56 days (SQ)	Linardic et al., 2005
Mouse	Conditionally regulated expression of an activated allele (Smoothened (R26- SMOM2)) × Cre transgene (CAGGS- CreER) induced by tamoxifen	Embryonal	35 days	Mao et al., 2006