Table 2.

Relative Contributions of Latitude and GDP to Pandemic Mortality in 1918-1920: Concordance of Murray et al. (2006) and Present Data

	Murray et al.	Present Data
Model 1: Economic predictor only
R2	0.473	0.609
n	27	23
β ± SE	–0.885 ± 0.187	–0.990 ± 0.167
p value	<0.001	<0.001
t value	–4.74	–5.94
Model 2: Absolute value of latitude and economic predictors
R2	0.482	0.590
n	27	23
Economic predictor
β ± SE	–0.967 ± 0.229	–0.979 ± 0.220
p value	<0.001	<0.001
t value	–4.22	–4.46
Latitude predictor
β ± SE	0.005 ± 0.008	0.0003 ± 0.004
p value	0.531	0.936
t value	0.64	–0.082

Comparisons between single and multiple regression model analyses of relations between latitude, economic variables,^a and 1918-1920 mortality^b based on all data in the present report (n = 23 countries) that overlap with published data from Murray et al. (2006). No countries between 23.4°N and 23.4°S latitude are included in these analyses.

^aMurray et al. (2006) data: per-head income derived from (Mitchell, 2003). Present data: gross domestic product (GDP)–purchasing power parity (PPP) derived from Maddison (2007).

^bMurray et al. (2006) analysis: pandemic excess mortality derived from the University of California at Berkeley, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, The Human Mortality Database (http://www.mortality.org) and via calculations described in Murray et al. (2006). Present analysis: recalculated pandemic death rate derived from Johnson and Mueller (2002).