Figure 3.

Effects of SXF or INS on IRS-1(s) phosphorylation under high Glc.

Notes: Following 24-hour high Glc treatment, cells were exposed to SXF (300 μg/mL) or INS (100 nM) for 15 minutes and IRS-1(s) was analyzed using ELISA. All data are mean ± SD from three separate experiments (*P < 0.05 versus Glc-treated or **P < 0.05 versus control).

Abbreviations: A₄₅₀, absorbance at 450 nm; Con, control; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Glc, glucose; INS, insulin; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1; (s), serine residue; SD, standard deviation; SXF, SX-fraction.