Table 7.

Medical history to record in children and adolescents with hypertension

Family history
•	Hypertension
•	Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
•	Diabetes mellitus
•	Dyslipidemia
•	Obesity
•	Hereditary renal disease (Polycystic kidney disease)
•	Hereditary endocrine disease (pheochromocytoma, adrenal hyperplasia, multiple endocrine neoplasia , von Hippel-Lindau)
•	Syndromes associated with hypertension (neurofibromatosis)
Clinical history
•	Perinatal history: birth weight, gestational age, oligohydramnios, anoxia, umbilical artery catheterization
•	Previous history: urinary tract infection, renal or urological disease, cardiac, endocrine (including diabetes) or neurological disease, growth retardation
•	Symptoms suggestive of secondary hypertension: dysuria, thirst/polyuria, nocturia, hematuria, edema, weight loss, failure to thrive, palpitations, sweating, fever, pallor, flushing, cold extremities, intermittent claudication, virilization, primary amenorrhea, male pseudohermaphroditism
•	Symptoms suggestive of target organ damage: headache, epistaxis, vertigo, visual impairment, facial palsy, fits, strokes, dyspnea
•	Sleep history: snoring, apnea, daytime somnolence
•	Risk factor history: low physical exercise level, incorrect dietary habits, smoking, alcohol, licorice
•	Drug intake: cyclosporine, tacrolimus, tricyclic anti-depressants, antipsychotics, decongestants, oral contraceptives, illegal drugs
•	Pregnancy

Lurbe et al. “Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: recommendations of the ESH”. Journal of Hypertension 2009 [2] (modified).