Table 4. Model fit of various invariance models for gender, age, education level and income groups.
Model | df | χ2 | RMSEA | SRMR | CFI | ΔCFI | Mc | ΔMc | |
Gender | Configural invariance | 82 | 4573.9 | 0.051 | 0.031 | 0.975 | - | 0.899 | - |
Weak invariance | 92 | 4678.2 | 0.048 | 0.030 | 0.975 | 0.000 | 0.899 | 0.000 | |
Strong invariance | 95 | 4694.1 | 0.048 | 0.030 | 0.975 | 0.000 | 0.896 | −0.003 | |
Strict invariance | 119 | 5139.4 | 0.044 | 0.031 | 0.972 | −0.003 | 0.891 | −0.005 | |
Age | Configural invariance | 550 | 5807.3 | 0.021 | 0.034 | 0.971 | - | 0.886 | - |
Weak invariance | 560 | 5826.8 | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.971 | 0.000 | 0.884 | −0.002 | |
Strong invariance | 563 | 5838.8 | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.971 | 0.000 | 0.883 | −0.001 | |
Strict invariance | 587 | 5940.6 | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.971 | 0.000 | 0.879 | −0.005 | |
Marital status | Configural invariance | 394 | 5576.3 | 0.025 | 0.0318 | 0.972 | - | 0.819 | - |
Weak invariance | 404 | 5587.2 | 0.025 | 0.0319 | 0.972 | 0.000 | 0.814 | −0.005 | |
Strong invariance | 407 | 5603.3 | 0.024 | 0.0327 | 0.972 | 0.000 | 0.804 | −0.010 | |
Strict invariance | 431 | 5873.7 | 0.024 | 0.0335 | 0.970 | −0.002 | 0.785 | −0.019 | |
Education | Configural invariance | 205 | 5007.7 | 0.033 | 0.053 | 0.974 | - | 0.894 | - |
Weak invariance | 245 | 5136.7 | 0.031 | 0.057 | 0.973 | −0.001 | 0.889 | −0.005 | |
Strong invariance | 257 | 5370.9 | 0.031 | 0.165 | 0.972 | −0.001 | 0.884 | −0.005 | |
Strict invariance | 353 | 7202.6 | 0.030 | 0.211 | 0.963 | −0.009 | 0.853 | −0.031 | |
Income | Configural invariance | 205 | 4997.8 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.974 | - | 0.894 | - |
Weak invariance | 245 | 5122.9 | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.973 | −0.001 | 0.889 | −0.005 | |
Strong invariance | 257 | 5259.1 | 0.030 | 0.036 | 0.972 | −0.001 | 0.891 | 0.002 | |
Strict invariance | 353 | 7222.2 | 0.030 | 0.045 | 0.962 | −0.010 | 0.853 | −0.038 |