Table 1. The effect of anesthetics on surgical bleeding.

Surgical procedure	Anesthetics and number of patients	Study design	Results	Refer-ence
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Sevoflurane/remifentanil (n = 20) versus propofol/remifentanil (n = 20)	Prospective, randomized study	Less blood loss and better surgical field in propofol group for patients with extensive chronic sinusitis	[3]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Propofol (n = 30) versus isoflurane (n = 26)	Prospective, randomized study	Better surgical field	[8]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Propofol (n = 12) versus isoflurane (n = 13)	Retrospective review	Decreased blood loss in propofol group	[4]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Propofol/remifentanil (n = 45) versus isoflurane/alfentanil (n = 43)	Prospective, randomized study	Bleeding from surgical field was significantly better in propofol group	[5]
Endoscopic sinus-nasal surgery	Propofol/remifentanil (n = 27) versus isoflurane/fentanyl (n = 37)	Prospective, randomized study	Propofol/remifentanil was effective in reducing bleeding	[10]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Sufentanil/Sevoflurane (n = 23) versus remifentanil/propofol (n = 20) versus fentanyl/isoflurane (n = 28)	Retrospective review	Least bleeding in remifentanil/propofol group	[7]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Sevoflurane/fentanyl (n = 28) versus propofol/remifentanil (n = 28)	Prospective, randomized study	Better surgical field in propofol/remifentanil group	[11]
Endoscopic sinus surgery	Propofol/fentanyl (n = 16) versus sevoflurane/fentanyl (n = 16)	Prospective, randomized study	Less bleeding in propofol group	[9]
Head and neck surgery	Isoflurane (n = 20) versus propofol (n = 18)	Prospective, randomized	Blood loss in isoflurane group tended to be slightly higher.	[6]