Table 2.

Cardiovascular outcomes in long-term observational studies with respect to dipping status of BP

Study	Number of patients	Follow-up	Outcome
Verdecchia et al30	715	1–13 years	Relative risk of cardiovascular events was 2.77 in nondippers compared to dippers
Ohasama study32	1542	9.2 years	20% greater risk of cardiovascular mortality for every 5% reduction in decline of nocturnal BP
Dublin outcome study33	5292	8.4 years	Hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality was 1.21 for each 10 mmHg higher night systolic BP

Abbreviation: BP, blood pressure.