Table 1.
Sample Characteristics at Baseline (n = 21)
| All Participants | Intervention | Usual Care | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Mean (SD) | 60.2 (14.6) | 62.4 (14.7) | 56.6 (14.7) |
| Range | 27-85 | 34-85 | 27-75 |
| Gender, % (n) | |||
| Male | 23.8 (5) | 23.1 (3) | 25 (2) |
| Female | 76.2 (16) | 76.9 (10) | 75 (6) |
| Education (highest grade or year completed), % (n) | |||
| ≤6 | 4.8 (1) | 7.7 (1) | 0 |
| 7-11 | 42.9 (9) | 46.2 (6) | 37.5 (3) |
| High school graduate | 33.3 (7) | 23.1 (3) | 50 (4) |
| 13-15 | 4.8 (1) | 0 | 12.5 (1) |
| College graduate | 9.5 (2) | 15.4 (2) | 0 |
| 17-18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| >18 | 4.8 (1) | 7.7 (1) | 0 |
| Type of insurance, % (n) | |||
| Public insurance | 66.7 (14) | 69.2 (9) | 62.5 (5) |
| Private insurance | 47.6 (10) | 46.2 (6) | 50 (4) |
| No insurance | 9.5 (2) | 7.7 (1) | 12.5 (1) |
| Residence, % (n) | |||
| In a rural area (not a farm) | 47.6 (10) | 53.8 (7) | 37.5 (3) |
| In a small rural town | 33.3 (7) | 23.1 (3) | 50 (4) |
| In a small town | 19 (4) | 23.1 (3) | 12.5 (1) |
| Diabetes history | |||
| Years with diagnosed diabetes, mean (SD) | 9.2 (6.9) | 10.4 (7.1) | 7.1 (6.3) |
| Has ever attended diabetes education, % (n) | 57.1 (12) | 61.5 (8) | 50 (4) |
| Health history, % (n) | |||
| Cardiovascular disease | 33.3 (7) | 30.8 (4) | 37.5 (3) |
| High blood pressure | 90.5 (19) | 92.3 (12) | 87.5 (7) |
| Eye disease | 19 (4) | 23.1 (3) | 12.5 (1) |
| Kidney disease | 9.5 (2) | 15.4 (2) | 0 |
| Numbness/tingling in the legs or feet | 23.8 (5) | 15.4 (2) | 37.5 (3) |
| Diabetes treatment and management, % (n) | |||
| Takes oral medication | 71.4 (15) | 69.2 (9) | 75 (6) |
| Takes insulin shots | 38.1 (8) | 46.2 (6) | 25 (2) |
| Regular exercise | 66.7 (14) | 61.5 (8) | 75 (6) |
| Special diet | 52.4 (11) | 53.8 (7) | 50 (4) |
| Losing weight | 47.6 (10) | 53.8 (7) | 37.5 (3) |