RAW 264.7 cells were treated with indicated amounts of DS for 16 h. The nuclear fraction of the treated cells was isolated, and the nuclear Nrf2, indicative of activation, was measured by western blot analysis(A), which was quantified by densitometric analysis with ImageJ (B). DS induced nuclear localization of Nrf2, like sulforaphane (SFN), a well-documented activator of Nrf2.Total RNA was extracted, and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes, including GCLC, HO-1 and NQO-1, was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (C), and relative expression of each gene against GAPDH was determined by densitometric analysis of each band (D). (E) FACS analysis was performed to measure ROS from the cells that were treated with LPS, an inducer of ROS, or DS. All experiment was repeated at least three times.