Fig. 3.

Influence of IG predator species (low or high risk for IG prey and IG predator) on the spatial proximity between IG prey and IG predators (1), IG predator avoidance by IG prey (2), and IG prey approaching by IG predator (3) (mean + SE) over time (0–5 min: black bars, 5–10 min: light grey bars, 10–15 min: dark grey bars). a IG prey Amblyseius andersoni, low-risk predator Phytoseiulus persimilis, high-risk predator Neoseiulus californicus; b IG prey N. californicus, low-risk predator P. persimilis, high-risk predator A. andersoni; c IG prey P. persimilis, low-risk predator N. californicus, high-risk predator A. andersoni