Table 1.
Description of included studies and interventions.
| Year | N | Who delivered |
Intervention content |
Mode of delivery |
Duration of intervention in weeks* |
Time before follow-up in weeks* |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolfsson | 2007 | 88 | 1, 3b | AE, RP | G | 30.33 | 52 |
| Agurs-Collins | 1997 | 55 | 4, 0 | RP, SS | G, I, S | 26 | 0 |
| Amano | 2007 | 39 | 0 | RP | I | 13 | 0 |
| Anderson-Loftin | 2005 | 65 | 2n, 4 | RP, SS | G, S, T | 26 | 0 |
| Arseneau | 1994 | 40 | 7 | RP, SS | I? | 0.57 | 8.67, 21.67 |
| Barnard | 2006 | 99 | 1, 4, 6 | RP | G, I, T | 22 | 0 |
| Brown | 2002 | 224 | 3c, 4, 6 | RP, SS | G, S | 52 | 0 |
| 1: RP. | 1: G, I. | ||||||
| Campbell | 1996 | 200 | 3c, 4 | 2: RP, SS. | 2: G, I, S. | 2 | 11, 24 |
| 3: CC, RP, SS. | 3: I, T. | ||||||
| Cheskin | 2008 | 24 | 4 | RP | G, I | 86 | 0 |
| Christian | 2008 | 273 | 1, 7 | AE, RP | I, TECH | 52 | 0 |
| D'Eramo-Melkus | 1992 | 49 | 0 | Group 1: CC, RP. Group 2: CC, RP. |
Group 1: G, I. Group 2: G, I. |
12, 18 | 8, 14 |
| Deakin | 2006 | 291 | 4 | AE, CC | G | 6 | 11.33, 54.67 |
| Engel | 2006 | 50 | 0 | AE | GINS, T, TECH | 24 | 0 |
| Faridi | 2008 | 30 | 3a, 7 | RP | TECH | 13 | 0 |
| Fornos | 2006 | 112 | 3 | RP | I, O | 56.33 | 0 |
| Franz | 1995 | 179 | 2d | RP | I | 6 | 7, 20 |
| Gabbay | 2006 | 332 | 3c | CC, RP | I, T, TECH | 52 | 0 |
| Gaede | 2001 | 149 | 1, 3c, 4 | AE, RP, SS | G, I, S | 197.6 | 0 |
| Gallegos | 2006 | 45 | 3c | RP, SS | G, I, T | 50 | 0 |
| Glasgow | 1992 | 97 | 4, 5, 6 | CC, RP, SS | G | 13 | 0 |
| Glasgow | 2000 | 277 | 2n, 4, 5, 6, 7 | RP | O, T, TECH | 26 | 13 |
| Goudswaard | 2004 | 50 | 3b | RP | I | 26 | 6, 52 |
| Gucciardi | 2007 | 61 | 3c, 4, 5 | CC, RP, SS | G, I | 13 | 0 |
| Janssen | 2009 | 491 | 1, 3c | RP? | G, I | 52 | 0 |
| Kim & Jeong | 2007 | 51 | 3c | RP | I, TECH | 26 | 0 |
| Kim & Song | 2008 | 34 | 3c | RP | TECH | 26 | 0 |
| Ko | 2007 | 308 | 1, 2n/d, 4, 5 | AE, CC, RP, SS | G, S | 0.71 | 25, 51, 103, 155, 207 |
| Krousel-Wood | 2008 | 76 | 7 | RP | TECH | 13 | 0 |
| Kulzer† | 2007 | 181 | 5 | 1: AE, CC. 2: AE, CC. |
G, C: G, I. | 13 | 0, 52 |
| Ligtenberg | 1997 | 51 | 1, 4 | AE, RP | G, I, T | 26 | 0 |
| Lujan | 2007 | 141 | 6 | AE, RP | G, T | 26 | 0 |
| McKibbin | 2006 | 57 | 6 | AE, RP | G | 24 | 0 |
| Ménard | 2005 | 61 | 0 | RP | I, O, T | 52 | 0, 26 |
| O'Kane | 2008 | 184 | 3a, 4, 6 | RP | G | 52 | 0 |
| Pederson | 2007 | 122 | 0 | RP | I, O | 26 | 0 |
| Pibernik-Okanovic | 2004 | 108 | 4, 5 | AE, CC | G | 6 | 7, 20 |
| Piette | 2000 | 248 | 3c, 7 | RP | T, TECH | 52 | 0 |
| Rachmani | 2005 | 110 | 0 | AE, RP | G | 208 | 0, 208 |
| Rosal | 2005 | 25 | 3c, 4, 6 | CC, RP | G, I | 10 | 3, 16 |
| Schwedes | 2002 | 223 | 1, 3c, 6 | CC, RP | G?, I | 24 | 0 |
| Shea | 2007 | 1355 | 6, 7 | CC, RP | TECH | 52 | 0 |
| Sone | 2002 | 1973 | 3c | RP | I?, T | 156 | 0 |
| Steed | 2005 | 106 | 3b, 4 | CC, RP | G | 5 | 0 |
| Sturt | 2008 | 202 | 3c | AE, CC, RP | I, O, T | 12 | 14 |
| Sun | 2008 | 146 | 1, 4 | RP | GINS | 24 | 0 |
| Trento | 1998 | 96 | 1, 5 | CC, RP, SS | G, S | 52 | 0 |
| Trento | 2002 | 90 | 1, 6 | CC, RP | G, I+ | 208 | 0 |
| Tsujiuchi | 2002 | 26 | 6 | AE | G | 17.33 | 0 |
| Uusitupa | 1993 | 82 | 1, 3b, 3c, 4 | RP | G | 65 | 0, 117 |
| Wattana | 2007 | 147 | 3c | RP | G, I, O | 24 | 0 |
| Yoo | 2008 | 57 | 3c, 7 | AE | G, I, TECH | 13 | 0 |
| Yoon & Kim | 2008 | 51 | 6, 7 | RP | TECH | 52 | 0 |
Note. *Studies with multiple intervention lengths or multiple follow-ups are indicated by lengths separated by commas; †A1c values not provided in text—values estimated from a bar graph.
Who Delivered: 1 = MD: GPs, or Specialists, 2n = Nurse Certified Diabetes Educator, 2d = Dietician Certified Diabetes Educator, 3a = Nurse Practitioner, 3b = Nurse with Diabetes Specialty, 3c = Nurse (including Nurse Researchers and Educators), 4 = Related Health Professionals: Physical Therapist, Clinical Dietician, 5 = Psycho-social Professionals: Psychologist, Social Worker, Health Counselor, 6 = Other: Professor at Nursing College, Cooking Instructors, Research Assistant, Case Manager, Educationist (MTr), Qi-gong Doctor, 7 = Not a person: Diabetes Manual or Learning-activity-programs, Video, Interactive-telephone-system, 0 = Unlisted, Not Explicit.
Content: AE = Affective/Emotion, CC = Complex Cognitive, RP = Rules/Procedures, SS = Social/Situational, ? = Uncertain.
Mode: G = Group, I = Individual, T = Telephone, S = Social: Family, Spouse, or Friend Attended, I+ = Individual care given if participant needed additional help, TECH = Technology: Cell Phone Text Messages, Internet, Sensor Placement, Computer Registry, O = Other: Community Resources, Pharmacological, GINS = group or individual not specified, ? = Uncertain.