Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants With Concomitant CAN Measurements and CMRI Measurements (N = 966)

Characteristic	Normal CAN Measures (n = 595)	Abnormal CAN Measures (n = 371)
Female	277 (47)	183 (49)
Primary prevention cohort	322 (54)	154 (42)*
Age, yrs	49.3 ± 6.6	52.5 ± 6.6*
Age at diagnosis, yrs	20.3 ± 7.9	22.1 ± 7.9*
Body mass index, kg/m2	28.1 ± 4.7	28.5 ± 5.0
Diabetes duration, yrs	28.7 ± 4.9	30.1 ± 4.8*
HbA1c, %	7.7 ± 1.1	8.1 ± 1.3*
Height, cm	171.9 ± 9.5	172.0 ± 9.8
Weight, kg	83.4 ± 16.5	84.5 ± 17.4
Current cigarette smoker	45 (8)	57 (15)*
Current alcohol use	284 (48)	159 (43)
Log(AER)	2.5 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.5*
GFR CKD-EPI definition, ml/min/1.73 m2	96.6 ± 14.2	87.2 ± 23.8*
Heart rate	66 ± 10	72 ± 12*
Treated hypertension†	327 (55)	284 (78)*
Treated hypercholesterolemia‡	366 (62)	276 (75)*
Beta-blocker use	29 (5)	66 (18)*
Any ACEi or ARB use	301 (51)	250 (68)*
DCCT/EDIC time-weighted variables
HbA1c, %	7.7 ± 0.8	8.3 ± 1.0*
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	56 ± 13	55 ± 13
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	106 ± 20	112 ± 20*
Triglycerides, mg/dl	78 ± 36	90 ± 44*
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	117 ± 8	121 ± 8*
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	74 ± 5	75 ± 6*

Values are n (%) or mean ± SD.

^*p < 0.01

^†Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents for the treatment of hypertension.

^‡Hypercholesterolemia is defined as LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl or the use of lipid-lowering agents.

ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AER = albumin excretion rate; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CAN = cardiac autonomic neuropathy; CKD-EPI = Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; CMRI = cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; DCCT/EDIC = Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; HbA_1c = glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.