Table 3.
Log binomial regression analyses: Preterm birth < 30 weeks occurring with and without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) by specific biomarker patterns
|
BPD(−)
*
|
BPD(+)
*
|
|
|---|---|---|
| n (%) RRAdj (95% CI)** |
n (%) RRAdj (95% CI)** |
|
| Sample | ||
| (n = 662,890) | 1,682 (0.3) | 246 (0.04) |
| No abnormal biomarkers † | ||
| (n = 513,480) | 1,066 (0.2) | 140 (0.03) |
| Reference | Reference | |
| Specific Biomarker Pattern ‡ | ||
| Isolated High AFP (n = 22,936) | 181 (0.8) | 30 (0.1) |
| 3.8 (3.3, 4.5) | 4.9 (3.3, 7.2) | |
| Isolated High hCG (n = 25,447) | 95 (0.4) | 16 (0.1) |
| 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) | 2.3 (1.4, 3.9) | |
| Isolated Low uE3 (n = 23, 870) | 74 (0.3) | 12 (0.1) |
| 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.4) | |
| High AFP, High hCG (n = 3,514) | 59 (1.7) | 13 (0.4) |
| 8.3 (6.4, 10.8) | 14.0 (7.9, 24.8) | |
| High AFP, Low uE3 (n = 837) | 12 (1.4) | 2 (0.2) |
| 7.4 (4.2, 13.0) | 9.9 (2.5, 40.2) | |
| High hCG, Low uE3 (n = 2,165) | 21 (1.0) | 2 (0.1) |
| 6.4 (3.1, 7.4) | 3.6 (0.9, 14.6) | |
| High AFP, High hCG, Low uE3 (n = 393) | 15 (3.8) | 7 (1.8) |
| 20.9 (12.6, 34.6) | 75.9 (35.0, 164.6) |
RRAdj, Adjusted Relative Risk; 95% CI, Confidence Interval; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; MoM, Multiple of the Median; hCG, human choronic gonatotropin; uE3, unconjugated estriol.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was defined as Gestational Age between 25 wks + 0 days and 29 wks + 6 days (inclusive); Birth weight < 1500 grams; No birth defects/congenital anomalies; No surgeries except circumcision or PDA ligation; Having NEC is not an exclusion but NEC surgery is an exclusion; In the hospital and on continuous oxygen at 36 weeks; On ventilator for ≥ 3 days.
Given power considerations only SGA birth was considered in adjusted models.
AFP, hCG, and uE3 MoMs all between the 5th and 95th percentiles (AFP > 0.58, < 1.80; hCG > 0.41, < 2.38; uE3 > 0.59, < 1.57).
Computed for all low and/or high biomarkers found to be associated with an increased risk for BPD in initial analyses.