Table V.
Joint association of cigarette smoking with risk of polyps by subtypes, the TCPS, 2003–2010
| Cigarette smoking | Carcinogen-metabolizing risk category | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low risk | Intermediate risk | High risk | ||||
| n a | OR (95% CI)b | n a | OR (95% CI)b | n a | OR (95% CI)b | |
| Adenoma only (N = 1161) | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 183/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 237/916 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 43/182 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| Former | 162/405 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 230/630 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 48/117 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Current | 81/156 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 144/227 | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | 30/43 | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.141 | ||||||
| Cigarettes per day | ||||||
| Never | 183/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 237/916 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 43/182 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| 1–19 | 92/211 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 140/345 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 25/75 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) |
| 20–29 | 74/187 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 110/292 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 27/54 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) |
| ≥30 | 77/163 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 123/215 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 26/30 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.039 | ||||||
| HPP only (N = 532) | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 50/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 74/916 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 13/182 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| Ever | 71/405 | 2.0 (1.3–2.9) | 110/630 | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | 23/117 | 2.4 (1.4–4.2) |
| Current | 64/156 | 5.1 (3.3–7.8) | 103/227 | 5.4 (3.6–8.0) | 22/43 | 6.1 (3.3–11.2) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.753 | ||||||
| Cigarettes per day | ||||||
| Never | 50/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 74/916 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 13/182 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| 1–19 | 63/211 | 3.9 (2.6–5.9) | 83/345 | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) | 12/75 | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) |
| 20–29 | 36/187 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 73/292 | 2.7 (1.8–4.0) | 17/54 | 3.3 (1.8–6.3) |
| ≥30 | 36/163 | 2.1 (1.3–3.4) | 56/215 | 2.4 (1.5–3.7) | 16/30 | 6.1 (3.1–12.2) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.024 | ||||||
| Both (N = 368) | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 28/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 33/916 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 11/182 | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) |
| Ever | 53/405 | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 66/630 | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 17/117 | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) |
| Current | 62/156 | 7.7 (4.6–12.9) | 81/227 | 6.2 (3.8–10.1) | 17/43 | 7.4 (3.6–15.1) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.410 | ||||||
| Cigarettes per day | ||||||
| Never | 28/656 | 1.0 (reference) | 33/916 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 11/182 | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) |
| 1–19 | 28/211 | 2.9 (1.6–5.0) | 46/345 | 2.7 (1.6–4.5) | 7/75 | 2.3 (0.9–5.5) |
| 20–29 | 41/187 | 3.5 (2.0–5.9) | 50/292 | 2.9 (1.7–4.7) | 20/54 | 6.0 (3.1–11.7) |
| ≥30 | 46/163 | 3.8 (2.2–6.4) | 51/215 | 3.1 (1.8–5.2) | 7/30 | 3.9 (1.5–9.9) |
| Test of interaction, P = 0.837 | ||||||
Both, synchronous adenoma and HPP.
an, number of cases/controls. Count may not sum up to total because of missing data.
bAdjusted for age, sex, study sites, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, regular NSAID use, red meat intake, total energy intake, year of recruitment, and recruitment before or after colonoscopy.