Table 1.
—Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Value |
| No. patients | 1,317 |
| Age, y | |
| Mean ± SD | 63 ± 13.2 |
| Median (range) | 65 (11-94) |
| > 70 y | 393 (29.8) |
| Male sex | 685 (52) |
| Ethnicity | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 2 (0.2) |
| Asian | 44 (3.3) |
| Black/African American | 151 (11.5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 51 (3.9) |
| White | 1,069 (81.2) |
| ASA score | |
| 1 | 22 (1.7) |
| 2 | 475 (36.1) |
| 3 | 778 (59.1) |
| 4 | 42 (3.2) |
| Zubrod score | |
| 0 | 160 (12.1) |
| 1 | 800 (60.7) |
| 2 | 292 (22.2) |
| 3 | 53 (4) |
| 4 | 12 (0.9) |
| Service | |
| Inpatient | 94 (7.1) |
| Outpatient | 1,223 (92.9) |
| Smoking status | |
| ≤ 20 pack-y | 580 (44) |
| > 20 pack-y | 737 (56) |
| Fellow involvement in procedure | |
| ≥ 50% of the procedure | 1,084 (82.3) |
| < 50% of procedure | 17 (1.3) |
| Did not participate in procedure | 216 (16.4) |
| No. comorbidities | |
| ≤ 2 | 1,165 (88.5) |
| > 2 | 152 (11.5) |
| No anticoagulation | 1,317 (100) |
| Forceps biopsy performed | |
| None | 995 (75.6) |
| Endobronchial only | 135 (10.3) |
| Transbronchial only | 164 (12.4) |
| Both endobronchial and transbronchial | 23 (1.7) |
| BAL performed | |
| No | 1,050 (79.7) |
| Yes | 267 (20.3) |
| BAL volume instilled | |
| ≤ 120 mL | 1,269 (96.4) |
| > 120 mL | 48 (3.6) |
| Procedure | |
| Only TBNA | 843 (64) |
| Any additional procedure | 474 (36) |
| Any high paratracheal (2R or 2L) lymph node sampled | |
| No | 1,282 (97.3) |
| Yes | 35 (2.7) |
| Any left-side low paratracheal (4L) lymph node sampled | |
| No | 964 (73.2) |
| Yes | 353 (26.8) |
| No. sites of TBNA | |
| 1 | 426 (32.3) |
| 2 | 403 (30.6) |
| 3 | 304 (23.1) |
| 4 | 114 (8.7) |
| 5 | 55 (4.2) |
| 6 | 15 (1.1) |
| No. TBNA passes | |
| Mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 5.3 |
| Median (range) | 8 (1-34) |
| Median (range) TBNA passes | |
| ≤ 3 | 452 (34.3) |
| > 3 | 865 (65.7) |
| Lymph node size | |
| 1-10 mm | 565 (42.9) |
| 11-20 mm | 543 (41.2) |
| 21-30 mm | 137 (10.4) |
| > 30 mm | 72 (5.5) |
| Anesthesia type | |
| Moderate sedation | 484 (36.8) |
| Deep sedation or general anesthesia | 833 (63.2) |
| Positive pressure ventilation | |
| No | 587 (44.6) |
| Yes | 730 (55.4) |
| Bronchoscopy type | |
| Flexible | 1,302 (98.9) |
| Rigid | 4 (0.3) |
| Both flexible and rigid | 11 (0.8) |
| Duration of bronchoscopy | |
| ≤ 30 min | 286 (21.7) |
| > 30 min | 1,031 (78.3) |
| Total duration of procedure | |
| ≤ 60 min | 538 (40.9) |
| > 60 min | 779 (59.1) |
Data are presented as No. (%), unless otherwise indicated. ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; TBNA = transbronchial needle aspiration.