Table 2:

Association between pass-fail outcomes of the final examination with stress, anxiety, and depression scores

DASS	Phase 1 Final exam status*	n	Mean	SD	Mean difference (95% CI)	t-test	P value
Stress	Passed	161	12.18	9.44	3.93 (0.42, 7.45)	2.306	0.029
	Failed	033	16.12	8.75
Anxiety	Passed	161	13.06	9.25	4.34 (0.86, 7.35)	2.457	0.015
	Failed	033	17.39	9.17
Depression	Passed	161	08.76	9.24	4.03 (0.56, 7.50)	2.292	0.023
	Failed	033	12.79	9.03

DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; n = number; SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval.

Independent t-test: a P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Parametric assumptions were met as the Levene’s test was not significant (P value >0.05) and histogram showed data were normally distributed.

^*The pass and fail outcomes were based on the official results from the Examination Board of Phase I, Universiti Sains Malaysia.