Table 2.
Differences in measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, peripheral and coronary vascular beds per unit change in lung function among smokers and never smokers.
| Smokers (n=2,024) | FEV1 Difference per 1 L increase (95% CI) |
P-value | FVC Difference per 1 L increase (95% CI) |
P-value | FEV1/FVC ratio Difference per 1 % increase (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intima Medial Thickness, Internal Carotid (mm) | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | −0.060 (−0.115, −0.005) | 0.03 | −0.000 (−0.051, 0.050) | 0.99 | −0.006 (−0.009, 0.003) | <0.001 |
| Intima Medial Thickness, Common Carotid (mm) | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | −0.028 (−0.045, −0.012) | <0.001 | −0.013 (−0.028, 0.022) | 0.09 | −0.001 (−0.002, −0.000) | 0.007 |
| Ankle-Brachial Index | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | 0.012 (0.002, 0.023) | 0.02 | 0.004 (−0.005, 0.014) | 0.39 | 0.0008 (0.0002, 0.0014) | 0.006 |
| Presence of Coronary Artery Calcium | ||||||
| Multivariate prevalence ratio | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 0.76 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.96 | 1.001 (0.997, 1.002) | 0.58 |
| Log Agatston Score* | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | 0.099 (−0.137, 0.334) | 0.41 | 0.14 (−0.074, 0.360) | 0.20 | −0.004 (−0.016, 0.008) | 0.55 |
|
| ||||||
|
Never Smokers (n=1,812)
| ||||||
| Intima Medial Thickness, Internal Carotid (mm) | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | −0.053 (−0.105, −0.001) | 0.047 | −0.008 (−0.053, 0.036) | 0.71 | −0.004 (−0.007, −0.002) | 0.002 |
| Intima Medial Thickness, Common Carotid (mm) | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | −0.028 (−0.044, −0.013) | <0.001 | −0.014 | 0.04 | −0.001 | 0.01 |
| Ankle-Brachial Index | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | 0.013 (0.003, 0.023) | 0.01 | 0.0066 (−0.002, 0.015) | 0.13 | 0.0006 (0.0000, 0.0011) | 0.045 |
| Presence of Coronary Artery Calcium | ||||||
| Multivariate prevalence ratio | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.92 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.65 | 1.001 (0.999, 1.003) | 0.40 |
| Log Agatston Score* | ||||||
| Multivariate mean difference | 0.020 (−0.197, 0.237) | 0.86 | 0.020 (−0.163, 0.203) | 0.82 | −0.001 (−0.012, 0.010) | 0.83 |
*
Among participants with detectable coronary artery calcium
Multivariate models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years, urine cotinine, educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose, height, body mass index, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, HDL, statin medication, alcohol use and C-reactive protein.