Table 3.

Differences in measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, peripheral and coronary vascular beds according to quintiles of CT percent emphysema.

	CT Percent Emphysema					Difference per 10 % Increase in Percent Emphysema [95% CI]	P-value
	quintile 1 (n=728)	quintile 2 (n=729)	quintile 3 (n=728)	quintile 4 (n=729)	quintile 5 (n=728)
Intima-media Thickness, Internal Carotid (mm)
Median value	0.778	0.807	0.844	0.840	0.897		<0.001
Age-sex-adjusted mean difference	0	0.0132	0.0270	−0.0045	−0.0385	−0.009 [−0.025, 0.007]	0.29
Multivariate mean difference	0	0.0182	0.0417	0.0252	0.0068	0.005 [−0.012, 0.022]	0.59
Intima-media Thickness, Common Carotid (mm)
Median value	0.815	0.829	0.835	0.848	0.843		0.002
Age-sex-adjusted mean difference	0	−0.0035	−0.0073	−0.0051	−0.0362	−0.010 [−0.014, −0.005]	<0.001
Multivariate mean difference	0	0.0025	0.0014	0.0089	−0.0128	−0.003 [−0.008, 0.002]	0.30
Ankle-Brachial Index
Median value	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.13	1.13		0.03
Age-sex-adjusted mean difference	0	0.0061	0.0080	0.0070	−0.0048	−0.002 [−0.006, 0.001]	0.13
Multivariate mean difference	0	0.0021	0.0026	−0.0005	−0.0133	−0.005 [−0.008, −0.002]	0.004
Presence of Coronary Artery Calcium
Prevalence (%)	39	43	46	48	56		<.001
Age-sex-adjusted prevalence ratio	1	1.01	0.984	0.938	0.976	0.987 [0.963, 1.01]	0.33
Multivariate prevalence ratio	1	1.01	0.992	0.952	0.976	0.986 [0.960, 1.01]	0.29
Mean Agatston Score*
Median value	48.9	60.0	82.6	83.4	108		<0.001
Age-sex-adjusted mean difference	0	2.07	6.27	8.80	5.49	1.035 [−0.999, 3.068]	0.36
Multivariate mean difference	0	0.57	5.35	6.26	7.21	1.045 [−0.995, 3.085]	0.27

^*Among participants with detectable coronary artery calcium

Multivariate models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years, urine cotinine, educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose, height, body mass index, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, HDL, statin medication, alcohol use, C-reactive protein, scanner type and mAs.