Table 4.
Differences in measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, peripheral and coronary vascular beds according to quintiles of upper-lobe emphysema.
| Upper to Lower Lobe Ratio of Percent Emphysema
|
Difference per 10 Unit Increase in Upper-lobe Emphysema [95% CI] | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quintile 1 (n=727) | quintile 2 (n=727) | quintile 3 (n=727) | quintile 4 (n=727) | quintile 5 (n=727) | |||
| Intima-media Thickness, Internal Carotid (mm) | |||||||
| Median value | 0.860 | 0.863 | 0.826 | 0.829 | 0.786 | 0.056 | |
| Age-sex-adjusted mean difference | 0 | −0.0533 | −0.0909 | −0.0750 | −0.1067 | * | 0.048 |
| Multivariate mean difference | 0 | −0.0199 | −0.0377 | −0.0076 | −0.0371 | * | 0.002 |
| Intima-media Thickness, Common Carotid (mm) | |||||||
| Median value | 0.838 | 0.856 | 0.843 | 0.823 | 0.820 | 0.07 | |
| Age-sex-adjusted mean difference | 0 | −0.0168 | −0.0251 | −0.0337 | −0.0384 | * | 0.20 |
| Multivariate mean difference | 0 | −0.0003 | −0.0038 | −0.0060 | −0.0131 | * | 0.84 |
| Ankle-Brachial Index | |||||||
| Median value | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.12 | <0.001 | |
| Age-sex-adjusted mean difference | 0 | −0.0012 | −0.0075 | −0.0074 | −0.0103 | −0.027 [−0.043, −0.011] | 0.001 |
| Multivariate mean difference | 0 | −0.0047 | −0.0083 | −0.0075 | −0.0056 | −0.023 [−0.039, −0.007] | 0.004 |
| Presence of Coronary Artery Calcium | |||||||
| Prevalence (%) | 44 | 48 | 46 | 46 | 48 | 0.46 | |
| Age-sex-adjusted prevalence ratio | 1 | 0.942 | 0.915 | 0.916 | 0.972 | 1.034 [0.905, 1.18] | 0.63 |
| Multivariate prevalence ratio | 1 | 0.937 | 0.925 | 0.951 | 1.01 | 1.062 [0.934, 1.21] | 0.40 |
| Mean Agatston Score† | |||||||
| Median value | 63.1 | 75.7 | 88.3 | 80.6 | 70.3 | 0.84 | |
| Age-sex-adjusted mean difference | 0 | −12.2 | −4.6 | −2.79 | −13.8 | 0.858 [−1.47, 3.19] | 0.37 |
| Multivariate mean difference | 0 | −9.19 | 1.17 | 4.17 | −8.07 | 0.992 [−1.00, 2.99] | 0.96 |
*
Relationship was non-linear therefore linear term not reported. See Figure 3 for graph of association.
†
Among participants with detectable coronary artery calcium
Multivariate models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, pack-years, urine cotinine, educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, fasting plasma glucose, height, body mass index, alcohol use, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, HDL, statin medication, alcohol use, C-reactive protein, scanner type and mAs.