Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants
| Children with ASD, n = 25 | Healthy siblings, n = 25 | Z score | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
||
| Caucasian |
21 (88.0) |
– |
– |
||
| Hispanic |
1 (4.0) |
– |
– |
||
| Caucasian-Hispanic |
1 (4.0) |
– |
– |
||
| Asian |
1 (4.0) |
– |
– |
||
| Age, years, mean ± SD |
8.11 ± 3.65 |
7.44 ± 3.12 |
1.232 |
0.218 |
|
| VABS scores, median ± IQR/2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Communication |
54.5 ± 14.3 |
100.0 ± 10.5 |
−3.945 |
3.9 × 10-5 |
|
| Daily living skills |
55.5 ± 12.8 |
95.0 ± 11.5 |
−3.875 |
5.3 × 10-5 |
|
| Motor skills |
75.0 ± 12.5 |
103.0 ± 8.5 |
−3.180 |
7.4 × 10-4 |
|
| Composite |
53.5 ± 10.8 |
94.0 ± 11.0 |
−3.920 |
4.4 × 10-5 |
|
| SRS scores, mean ± SD |
|
|
|
|
|
| Social awareness |
75.3 ± 11.0 |
46.8 ± 10.3 |
3.516 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
|
| Social cognition |
80.8 ± 11.4 |
46.2 ± 7.7 |
3.516 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
|
| Social communication |
82.9 ± 11.7 |
47.1 ± 13.1 |
3.516 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
|
| Social motivation |
76.6 ± 10.7 |
49.8 ± 15.8 |
3.258 |
5.6 × 10-4 |
|
| Mannerisms |
85.8 ± 12.6 |
49.1 ± 14.0 |
3.516 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
|
| T score, total |
85.8 ± 11.8 |
47.3 ± 12.8 |
3.516 |
2.2 × 10-4 |
|
| Head circumference, median percentile ± IQR/2 |
82.0 ± 16.0 |
84.0 ± 10.0 |
−0.805 |
0.421 |
|
| Full IQ, median ± IQR/2 |
71.0 ± 12.0 |
105.5 ± 10.0 |
−2.201 |
0.028 |
|
| Subgroups, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-verbal |
7 (28.0) |
NA |
– |
– |
|
| GI issues |
7 (28.0) |
NA |
– |
– |
|
| Regression |
8 (32.0) |
NA |
– |
– |
|
| Allergy history | 5 (20.0) | NA | – | – | |
Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; IQR/2, semi-interquartile range; NA, not assessed; SD, standard deviation. Significant differences are shown in bold.